Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Development of Mediterranean Long Distance Exchange

在Rita Wright博士的指导下，博士候选人Matthew Spigelman将研究青铜时代中期（约公元前1900-1500年）塞浦路斯陶瓷生产的技术和组织，当时岛上的人们首次开始与国外进行商品贸易。这项工作将重点放在红黑风格的陶瓷装饰上，这些陶瓷在塞浦路斯生产，并交易到安纳托利亚，黎凡特和北非。来源和技术研究将用于调查陶瓷生产的技术和组织是否随着社区从事长途交换而改变。拟议的工作的重要性在于，它将深入了解在传统技术水平上，国际经济网络是如何发展和维持的。它还将揭示社会不平等是如何在传统社会中发展的。该研究将使用仪器中子活化分析（INAA）、岩石学分析和激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）生成来源和技术数据。这一系列的技术将使我们能够确定陶瓷是在哪里以及如何制成的。来自INAA和岩石学的来源数据将确定塞浦路斯境内红黑风格陶瓷生产中心的化学特征。对在国外发现的陶瓷进行INAA将使它们能够追溯到其在塞浦路斯的原产地，并确定那些从事远距离交换生产的中心。来自LA-ICP-MS的技术数据将用于研究生产红黑陶瓷两色装饰的技术范围。每种技术中“配方”的可变性为生产组织提供了证据，可能从家庭到大型专业车间。该项目探讨了技术、生产组织、不平等发展和社会复杂性之间的关系。它与之前的调查形成鲜明对比，重点关注工艺生产者在发起技术和社会变革方面的作用，而不是精英。这项工作将提供研究生培训，加强研究基础设施，在美国实验室之间建立联系，并展示将档案数据与新分析相结合的有效性。这项研究的结果将影响社会变迁的跨文化研究、东地中海考古学以及小团体学习和工艺生产的人类学研究。

Under the supervision of Dr. Rita Wright, doctoral candidate Matthew Spigelman will study the technology and organization of ceramic production in Cyprus during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1900-1500 BCE), when people on the island first began to trade goods abroad. This work will focus on ceramics decorated in the Red-on-Black style, which were produced in Cyprus and traded to Anatolia, the Levant and North Africa. Provenance and technological studies will be used to investigate if the technology and organization of ceramic production changed as communities engaged in long distance exchange. The importance of the proposed work rests on the fact that it will provide insight into how, at traditional levels of technology, international economic networks develop and are maintained. It also will shed light on how social inequality develops within traditional societies.The study will generate provenance and technological data using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), petrographic analysis, and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This constellation of techniques will allow for the determination of both where and how ceramics were made. Provenance data, from INAA and petrography, will determine the chemical signatures of Red-on-Black style ceramic production centers within Cyprus. Conducting INAA on ceramics found abroad will allow them to be traced back to their place of origin on Cyprus and identify those centers that were engaged in production for long distance exchange. Technological data, from LA-ICP-MS, will be used to investigate the range of techniques for producing the two color decoration of Red-on-Black ceramics. The variability in the "recipes" practiced within each technique provides evidence for the organization of production, potentially ranging from households to large specialized workshops.This project addresses the relationship between technology, the organization of production, and the development of inequality and social complexity. It contrasts with previous investigations by focusing on the role of craft producers, rather than elites, in initiating technological and social change. This work will provide graduate student training, enhance research infrastructure, create linkages between laboratories in the United States, and demonstrate the effectiveness of using archival data in conjunction with new analyses. The results of the study will impact scholarship on the cross cultural study of social change, the archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean, and the anthropological study of small group learning and craft production.