Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Development of Mediterranean Long Distance Exchange

在Rita Wright博士的指导下，博士生Matthew Spigelman将研究中期青铜时代(约公元前1900-1500年)塞浦路斯陶瓷生产的技术和组织，当时岛上的人们第一次开始向国外贸易商品。这项工作将集中在装饰的红对黑风格的陶瓷，这是在塞浦路斯生产的，并交易到安纳托利亚，黎凡特和北非。将利用产地和技术研究来调查陶瓷生产的技术和组织是否随着社区参与长途交流而发生变化。拟议工作的重要性在于，它将为在传统技术水平上如何发展和维持国际经济网络提供洞察。这项研究将使用仪器中子活化分析(INAA)、岩相学分析和激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)产生来源和技术数据。这一系列技术将允许确定陶瓷是在哪里以及如何制造的。出处数据，来自INAA和Petrograph，将确定塞浦路斯境内的红底黑风格陶瓷生产中心的化学特征。对在国外发现的陶瓷进行INAA将使它们能够追溯到它们在塞浦路斯的原产地，并识别那些从事生产的长途交换中心。来自LA-ICPMS的技术数据将被用来研究生产红黑双色陶瓷装饰的技术范围。在每种技术中实践的“配方”的多样性为生产组织提供了证据，可能从家庭到大型专业车间。这个项目解决了技术、生产组织以及不平等和社会复杂性的发展之间的关系。与之前的调查不同，它关注的是手工艺品生产者在启动技术和社会变革中的作用，而不是精英。这项工作将提供研究生培训，加强研究基础设施，在美国的实验室之间建立联系，并展示结合新分析使用档案数据的有效性。这项研究的结果将对社会变迁的跨文化研究、东地中海的考古学以及小群体学习和手工艺生产的人类学研究产生影响。

Under the supervision of Dr. Rita Wright, doctoral candidate Matthew Spigelman will study the technology and organization of ceramic production in Cyprus during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1900-1500 BCE), when people on the island first began to trade goods abroad. This work will focus on ceramics decorated in the Red-on-Black style, which were produced in Cyprus and traded to Anatolia, the Levant and North Africa. Provenance and technological studies will be used to investigate if the technology and organization of ceramic production changed as communities engaged in long distance exchange. The importance of the proposed work rests on the fact that it will provide insight into how, at traditional levels of technology, international economic networks develop and are maintained. It also will shed light on how social inequality develops within traditional societies.The study will generate provenance and technological data using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), petrographic analysis, and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This constellation of techniques will allow for the determination of both where and how ceramics were made. Provenance data, from INAA and petrography, will determine the chemical signatures of Red-on-Black style ceramic production centers within Cyprus. Conducting INAA on ceramics found abroad will allow them to be traced back to their place of origin on Cyprus and identify those centers that were engaged in production for long distance exchange. Technological data, from LA-ICP-MS, will be used to investigate the range of techniques for producing the two color decoration of Red-on-Black ceramics. The variability in the "recipes" practiced within each technique provides evidence for the organization of production, potentially ranging from households to large specialized workshops.This project addresses the relationship between technology, the organization of production, and the development of inequality and social complexity. It contrasts with previous investigations by focusing on the role of craft producers, rather than elites, in initiating technological and social change. This work will provide graduate student training, enhance research infrastructure, create linkages between laboratories in the United States, and demonstrate the effectiveness of using archival data in conjunction with new analyses. The results of the study will impact scholarship on the cross cultural study of social change, the archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean, and the anthropological study of small group learning and craft production.