RUI: The role of Rhesus proteins in Agnathan fishes as a mechanism of ammonia excretion

RUI：恒河猴蛋白在无颌鱼类中作为氨排泄机制的作用

• 批准号: 1121369
• 负责人: Susan Edwards
• 金额: $ 34.78万
• 依托单位: Appalachian State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1121369&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; role; Rhesus; proteins; Agnathan

Ammonia is a nitrogenous waste product that results from the breakdown of proteins, if allowed to accumulate it is highly toxic and therefore many aquatic organisms have developed mechanisms to rid their bodies of ammonia as soon as it is produced. Recently a family of membrane proteins, the Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins has been shown to have the ability to transport ammonia in higher vertebrates. The Rh glycoproteins have been identified in a wide range of organisms and this suggests they have a long evolutionary history. Many key physiological processes are based on the functions of the membrane proteins that are the focus of this proposal. Since those proteins may have evolved in a unique way in the basal vertebrates, relative to higher vertebrates, this project has the potential to answer fundamental questions on the evolution of different modes of ammonia transport in vertebrates. In addition, the unique ability of the basal vertebrates (the jawless fishes: hagfishes and lampreys) to tolerate a wide range of internal and environmental ammonia concentrations, will enable us to answer fundamental questions regarding the control of ammonia transport and the plasticity of membrane proteins involved. In addition, we would like to develop a clearer insight into the factors explaining why hagfishes and lampreys have persisted for over 500 million years as the only surviving members of the basal vertebrate class Agnatha. The objectives for this proposal are to (i) Understand the mechanism(s) of ammonia excretion by hagfish and sea lamprey; (ii) Quantify the contribution that Rh glycoproteins make to overall ammonia excretion in both hagfishes and lampreys; (iii) Ascertain how life stage alters ammonia excretion in the lampreys; (iv) Determine how mechanisms of ammonia excretion are influenced by the fresh water to sea water transition in lampreys. The educational outcomes of this project include involvement of many undergraduate and graduate students in this research. The students will gain experience in in vivo physiology, molecular biology, protein biochemistry and histological techniques. Students will be engaged in team-based partnerships through which they will gain key interpersonal, organizational skills and an international perspective on their research.

氨是一种含氮废物，由蛋白质分解产生，如果允许积累，它是剧毒的，因此许多水生生物已经开发出一种机制，一旦产生氨，就将其身体排出氨。近年来，作为膜蛋白家族的一员，恒河猴糖蛋白（Rh）在高等脊椎动物中被证明具有转运氨的能力。Rh糖蛋白已在广泛的生物体中被鉴定，这表明它们有很长的进化历史。许多关键的生理过程是基于膜蛋白的功能，这是该建议的重点。由于这些蛋白质可能在基础脊椎动物中以独特的方式进化，相对于高等脊椎动物，该项目有可能回答脊椎动物中不同氨运输模式进化的基本问题。此外，独特的能力的基础脊椎动物（无颌鱼类：八目鳗和七鳃鳗），以容忍广泛的内部和环境氨浓度，将使我们能够回答有关控制氨运输和可塑性的膜蛋白的基本问题。此外，我们想更清楚地了解为什么盲鳗和七鳃鳗作为无颌纲基底脊椎动物中唯一幸存的成员持续了5亿多年的因素。本提案的目标是（i）了解八目鳗和七鳃鳗的氨排泄机制;（ii）量化Rh糖蛋白对八目鳗和七鳃鳗总氨排泄的贡献;（iii）确定生命阶段如何改变七鳃鳗的氨排泄;（iv）确定七鳃鳗的氨排泄机制如何受到淡水向海水过渡的影响。该项目的教育成果包括许多本科生和研究生参与这项研究。学生将获得体内生理学，分子生物学，蛋白质生物化学和组织学技术的经验。学生将参与以团队为基础的伙伴关系，通过他们将获得关键的人际关系，组织技能和国际视野对他们的研究。

项目成果

Ammonia excretion in the Atlantic hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa ) and responses of an Rhc glycoprotein

大西洋盲鳗（Myxine glutinosa）的氨排泄和Rhc糖蛋白的反应

• DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00355.2014
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Physiology
• 作者: Edwards, Susan L.;Arnold, Justin;Blair, Salvatore D.;Pray, Margaret;Bradley, Rachel;Erikson, Olivia;Walsh, Patrick J.
• 通讯作者: Walsh, Patrick J.

Rh glycoprotein immunoreactivity in the skin and its role in extrabranchial ammonia excretion by the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) in fresh water

皮肤中的Rh糖蛋白免疫反应性及其在淡水中七鳃鳗（Petromyzon marinus）鳃外氨排泄中的作用

• DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0120
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Canadian Journal of Zoology
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Blair, S.D.;Wilkie, M.P.;Edwards, S.L.
• 通讯作者: Edwards, S.L.

Flexible ammonia handling strategies using both cutaneous and branchial epithelia in the highly ammonia tolerant Pacific hagfish.

利用高度氨耐受太平洋盲鳗的皮肤和鳃上皮的灵活的氨处理策略。

• DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2016
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Physiology
• 作者: Clifford, Alexander M;Weinrauch, Alyssa M;Edwards, Susan L;Wilkie, Michael P;Goss, Greg G
• 通讯作者: Goss, Greg G