Analysis of Recorded Ju/.hoan San Language Events as Political Action, 1990-Present

Megan Biesele博士将对纳米比亚和博茨瓦纳的Ju/‘Hoan San人的政治语言变化进行研究，他们是世界上研究最广泛的游牧狩猎和聚集者。Nyae Nyae磁带档案馆(NNTA)是一份独特的记录，用他们自己的话捕捉了Ju/‘Hoan人的看法，Ju/’Hoan人是说“点击”语的人。NNTA记录于1970-2010年间，现已数字化，由2002年以来在纳米比亚图姆克韦培训的Ju/‘Hoan转录小组转录和翻译。它载有1988年至今关于土地和领导权的Ju/‘Hoan语言对话的文件，这段时期实行种族隔离的西南非洲成为独立的纳米比亚，将提供基准数据，以便与通过该项目收集的新演讲进行比较。对内容、框架、语调和句法的语言分析将展示Ju/‘Hoan人如何通过他们的人民组织Nyae Nyae保护协会来应对当前的问题，包括来自邻近牧民的环境压力和纳米比亚少数民族代表性的持续挑战。重点将放在关于这类话题的讨论随着时间的推移发生了怎样的变化。重要的是，NNTA的录音可以识别Ju/‘Hoan政治背后的修辞和演讲原则的最新变化。因此，在计划中的研究中，旧的和新的记录“从内部”阐明了当前的朱/黄史。在当前不可避免的从平等主义向更多等级治理的过渡中，Ju/‘Hoan现在正在努力适应国家的要求。这些新的现实表现在人类学家非常感兴趣的不断变化的话语模式中。除了学术影响，该项目的档案还将帮助Ju/‘Hoan人自己更好地了解他们的修辞是如何影响变化的，并提供正在经历快速和大规模文化转型的游牧狩猎和聚集人口中话语变化的独特纵向记录。

Dr. Megan Biesele will undertake research on changes in political language among the Ju/'hoan San of Namibia and Botswana who are the most extensively studied nomadic hunting and gathering people in the world. The Nyae Nyae Tape Archive (NNTA) is a unique record capturing the perceptions of the Ju/'hoan, a "click"-speaking people, in their own words. Recorded between 1970 - 2010 and now digitized, the NNTA is being transcribed and translated by the Ju/'hoan Transcription Group trained since 2002 in Tsumkwe, Namibia. It contains documentation of Ju/'hoan-language dialogue on land and leadership from 1988 to the present, a period when apartheid South West Africa became independent Namibia that will provide the baseline data with which new speech collected through this project will be compared. Linguistic analysis of content, framing, intonation, and syntax will show how the Ju/'hoan through their people's organization, the Nyae Nyae Conservancy, confront issues of the present, including environmental pressure from neighboring pastoralists and the ongoing challenges of minority representation in Namibia. The focus will be on how discourse about such topics has changed overtime. Importantly, the NNTA recordings allow identification of recent changes in the rhetorical and oratorical principles underlying Ju/'hoan politics. In the planned research, thus, the old and new recordings illuminate current Ju/'hoan history "from within". The Ju/'hoan now struggle to adapt to state imperatives during the current unavoidable transition from egalitarian to more hierarchical governance. These new realities are expressed in changing modes of discourse of intense interest to anthropologists. Beyond scholarly impacts, the project's archives will also help Ju/'hoan people themselves better understand how their rhetoric has operated to effect change and provide a unique longitudinal record of discourse changes among a nomadic hunting and gathering population undergoing rapid and massive cultural transformation.