Doctoral Dissertation Research: Focal Social Actors and Tacit Coordination

博士论文研究：焦点社会行动者与默契协调

• 批准号: 1124132
• 负责人: Susanne Abele
• 金额: $ 0.6万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1124132&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Focal; Social

In this project the Principal Investigators will explore the potential impact of social focal points on tacit coordination in small groups. Coordination of actions is a common and important process in social and organizational life. Successful coordination leads to efficient interactions and teamwork, while failures in coordination can have detrimental impacts on both social relationships as well as economic outcomes. Research on tacit coordination has focused largely on structural focal points, or solutions to a coordination problem which are suggested through the situation itself or the particular behavioral options available to individuals. This project will extend such thinking to include social focal points, which come from differential uniqueness, conspicuousness, or prominence among the social actors themselves. Four experimental studies will address: 1) how the presence of a focal social actor impacts coordination success in small groups, 2) different ways in which players and options can correspond to yield this effect, and 3) whether or not being a focal actor is universally beneficial. It is expected that the presence of a focal social actor will improve coordination by suggesting a strategy which sees individuals more likely to select behavioral options which are related to or correspond with the social actor. To address these questions we will create focal actors through false feedback regarding social traits. All studies will use groups of three participants. Feedback will be manipulated such that groups are either homogenous on a social trait or comprised of one unique individual who differs on a social trait from two others in the group.In terms of broader impacts this research will contribute to our understanding of how interdependent entities coordinate their actions, a question which has interested social psychologists, economists, and laypersons alike. Such an understanding has far reaching implications for common social interactions such as conversation, collaborative work, and traffic negotiation. By adding social factors to the formal concepts of game theory, this work will shed more light on the question of how tacit coordination works. It will build on existing research to extend the concept of social focal points and it will attempt to explain several seemingly disparate phenomena, such as the impact of status, timing, and outside options on behavior in coordination games. It will add to the growing body of evidence that those interested in coordinated behavior would be well served to consider not just factors regarding the problem set or structural environment, but also features of the social actors facing the coordination problem.

在这个项目中，主要研究人员将探讨社会协调中心对小团体默契协调的潜在影响。 行动的协调是社会和组织生活中一个常见而重要的过程。 成功的协调会带来有效的互动和团队合作，而协调失败会对社会关系和经济成果产生不利影响。 对默契协调的研究主要集中在结构性焦点上，或通过情境本身或个人可用的特定行为选择来建议协调问题的解决方案。 这个项目将扩展这样的思考，包括社会焦点，这来自不同的独特性，显着性，或突出的社会行动者本身。 四个实验研究将解决：1）焦点社会行为者的存在如何影响小团体的协调成功，2）不同的方式，其中球员和选项可以对应产生这种效果，以及3）是否是一个焦点行为者是普遍有益的。 预计焦点社会行动者的存在将通过提出一种策略来改善协调，该策略认为个体更有可能选择与社会行动者相关或对应的行为选项。 为了解决这些问题，我们将通过关于社会特征的错误反馈来创建焦点演员。 所有研究将使用三名参与者组成的小组。 反馈将被操纵，这样的群体要么是同质的社会特质，或由一个独特的个人谁不同的社会特质从其他两个group.In更广泛的影响方面，这项研究将有助于我们了解相互依赖的实体如何协调他们的行动，一个问题，有兴趣的社会心理学家，经济学家，和外行人一样。 这样的理解对常见的社会互动，如对话，协作工作和交通谈判具有深远的影响。 通过在博弈论的正式概念中加入社会因素，这项工作将进一步阐明默契协调是如何运作的。它将在现有研究的基础上扩展社会焦点的概念，并试图解释几个看似不同的现象，如地位，时间和外部选择对协调游戏中行为的影响。 它将增加越来越多的证据表明，那些对协调行为感兴趣的人不仅要考虑与问题集或结构环境有关的因素，还要考虑面临协调问题的社会行为者的特征。