Scientific Advances and Accomplishments of the US GLOBEC Program - A Meeting of Experts

美国GLOBEC计划的科学进展和成就——专家会议

• 批准号: 1128156
• 负责人: Susan Roberts
• 金额: $ 17.86万
• 依托单位: National Academy of Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1128156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Scientific; Advances; Accomplishments; US; GLOBEC

The National Research Council will host a one-time meeting of experts of the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program, and others to highlight the scientific contributions of GLOBEC and identify future research directions.U.S. GLOBEC is a component of the U.S. Global Change Research Program. The U.S. GLOBEC program was designed to explore the effects of global change on marine ecosystems. The research involved scientists from multiple disciplines including oceanography, marine ecology, and fishery science. The program interfaces with researchers in other nations through the International GLOBEC program. Support from NSF (lead), NOAA, and NASA were instrumental to the success of this 20-year research program. The stated objective of the U.S. GLOBEC program is "to understand how climate change and variability will translate into changes in the structure and dynamics of marine ecosystems and in fishery production." Recognizing both the ecological and economic importance of fisheries, the U.S. has been moving towards incorporating ecosystem-based approaches into fisheries management. A key component of ensuring sustainable levels of fish harvest is to understand and anticipate the effects of climate and global change on fish populations, as well as on their predators and prey. In response to atmospheric warming, rising ocean water temperatures, and melting sea ice, these new climate conditions are anticipated to affect oceanographic features such as currents, depth of the mixed layer, and upwelling zones - all features that can affect the productivity and localized abundance of fish populations. The U.S. GLOBEC research strategy combined process and observational studies with retrospective analysis of previously collected data sets to develop and refine models using both physical and biological parameters. The U.S. GLOBEC program selected study sites to represent ecosystems under different physical regimes: retentive circulation at an offshore shoal (Georges Bank), coastal upwelling (Oregon and Northern California); coastal downwelling, affected by winds and freshwater inputs (Coastal Gulf of Alaska); and shelf circulation and sea ice (the West Antarctic Peninsula region). In addition to scientific knowledge, U.S. GLOBEC has established a legacy of datasets, coupled models, and practical information for ecosystem-based management of living marine resources. Three grand synthesis themes have been identified: Climate impacts on ecosystems, population dynamics in an ecosystem context, and ecosystem dynamics and food webs. The broader impacts involve bringing invited experts together to discuss the scientific contributions of the U.S. GLOBEC program, and identify promising avenues for future research programs. The audience will include staff from the sponsoring agency (NSF), other agencies involved in the U.S. GLOBEC program (predominantly NASA and NOAA), the scientific research community, congressional staff, nongovernmental organizations, and science journalists. The meeting will be an opportunity to synthesize and summarize research findings and advances in understanding that for the legacy of the U.S. GLOBEC program.

国家研究理事会将主办一次美国全球海洋生态系统动力学（U.S. GLOBEC）计划专家会议，以突出GLOBEC的科学贡献，并确定未来的研究方向。美国GLOBEC是美国全球变化研究计划的一个组成部分。美国的GLOBEC计划旨在探索全球变化对海洋生态系统的影响。这项研究涉及多个学科的科学家，包括海洋学，海洋生态学和渔业科学。该计划通过国际GLOBEC计划与其他国家的研究人员进行交流。NSF（牵头）、NOAA和NASA的支持对这项为期20年的研究计划的成功起到了重要作用。美国GLOBEC计划的既定目标是“了解气候变化和可变性将如何转化为海洋生态系统和渔业生产的结构和动态变化。“认识到渔业的生态和经济重要性，美国一直在努力将基于生态系统的方法纳入渔业管理。确保可持续捕捞水平的一个关键组成部分是了解和预测气候和全球变化对鱼类种群及其捕食者和猎物的影响。为了应对大气变暖、海水温度上升和海冰融化，这些新的气候条件预计将影响洋流、混合层深度和上升流区等海洋特征--所有这些特征都可能影响生产力和局部丰度。鱼类种群。美国的GLOBEC研究战略将过程和观察性研究与先前收集的数据集的回顾性分析相结合，以开发和完善使用物理和生物参数的模型。美国全球生态系统方案选择的研究地点代表不同物理状况下的生态系统：近海浅滩的滞留环流（乔治浅滩）、沿海上升流（俄勒冈州和北方加州）;受风和淡水输入影响的沿海下降流（阿拉斯加沿海湾）;以及陆架环流和海冰（南极洲西部半岛地区）。除了科学知识外，美国GLOBEC还建立了一系列数据集、耦合模型和实用信息，用于基于生态系统的海洋生物资源管理。确定了三个大的综合主题：气候对生态系统的影响，生态系统背景下的人口动态，生态系统动态和食物网。更广泛的影响包括邀请专家一起讨论美国GLOBEC计划的科学贡献，并为未来的研究计划确定有前途的途径。观众将包括赞助机构（NSF）的工作人员，参与美国GLOBEC计划的其他机构（主要是NASA和NOAA），科学研究界，国会工作人员，非政府组织和科学记者。这次会议将是一个机会，综合和总结研究成果和进展，了解美国的遗产。