CAREER: Advances to the EMT Modeling and Simulation of Restoration Processes for Future Grids

该CAREER提案旨在为一个新的研究分支，即长期电磁瞬变（EMT）模拟奠定基础。传统上，EMT仿真被用来研究遗留电网的几秒动态响应。新的挑战是模拟由基于转换器的资源（例如风能和太阳能）供电的电网的恢复过程，这些资源可以持续几分钟到几小时。该项目将带来变革性的进步，通过设计特殊的动态模型和基于变流器的电网的数值方法来加速长期EMT模拟。这些进步有助于满足EMT仿真工具的现代可靠性要求。该方案的智能优点包括输电线路和可再生资源的EMT模型的工程化，以及一种特殊的数值积分方法及其使用并行计算的实现。该项目的更广泛影响包括开发EMT现象的3D动画和虚拟现实表示，这将促进与公众的沟通，为工业提供继续教育课程，并与高中生开展活动。为了加速EMT模拟，本项目将实现三个研究目标。第一种方法是使用非均匀长度的集总部分来模拟三相输电线路，这些集总部分将被调整以最小化与波动方程在时间和空间上的解相关的模拟误差。第二步是设计一种状态变量数值积分算法来求解微分代数方程（DAEs），同时分别利用模型传输线和转换器资源的线性和非线性特性。第三是利用图形处理单元计算和一种新的系统动力学分解技术来实现DAE求解器。本项目的教育计划包括三个目标。首先是开发对学习有积极影响的3D动画。二是利用虚拟现实技术与EMT动画进行个性化的实时交互。三是通过社交媒体、继续教育课程、高中生互动等方式传播项目进展。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This CAREER proposal aims to develop the foundations of a new research branch, namely, long-term electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulations. Classically, EMT simulations have been employed to study the dynamic response of legacy grids for a few seconds. The new challenge is to simulate restoration processes of electric grids powered by converter-based resources (e.g., wind and solar) which can last from minutes to hours. This project will bring transformative advances to accelerate long-term EMT simulations by engineering special dynamic models and numerical approaches for converter-based electric grids. These advances are instrumental to address modern reliability requirements for EMT simulation tools. The intellectual merits of this proposal include the engineering of EMT models of transmission lines and renewable resources as well as a special numerical integration approach and its implementation using parallel computing. The broader impacts of the project include the development of 3D animations and virtual-reality representations of EMT phenomena, which will facilitate communication with the public, continuing education courses for industry, and engaging activities with high-school students. To accelerate EMT simulations, this project will achieve three research objectives. The first is to model three-phase transmission lines using lumped sections of non-uniform length which will be adjusted to minimize simulation errors with respect to a solution to the wave equation in time and space. The second is to engineer a state-variable numerical integration algorithm to solve differential algebraic equations (DAEs) while exploiting the linear and non-linear nature of the modeled transmission lines and converter-based resources, respectively. The third is to implement the DAE solver by exploiting graphics-processing-unit computations and a novel decomposition technique for the system dynamics. The education plan of this project consists of three objectives. The first is to develop 3D animations that have a positive impact on learning. The second is to leverage virtual-reality technology for personalized real-time interaction with EMT animations. The third is to disseminate the advances of this project via social media, continuing education courses, and interaction with high-school students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.