Analysis of the Influence of Convectively Coupled Atmospheric Waves and Extratropical Rossby Waves on the Structure and Evolution of the Observed Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO)

热带大气中在行星尺度到天气尺度上组织的潮湿深层对流与从热带延伸到高纬度地区以及从温带延伸到热带的温带罗斯比波一起演变。该对流部分组织为30-60天东移的麦登-朱利安涛动（MJO）和频率更高的对流耦合大气赤道波。MJO和这些对流耦合波都与温带波相互作用。这个项目试图解释这些对流耦合的赤道波和温带波如何相互作用，以及波浪破碎过程在某种程度上如何导致MJO的一些主要属性。MJO深刻地影响着从热带气旋到过热、寒冷、洪水和干旱等全球极端天气事件的扩展范围（4天以上）预测。这项研究将为MJO与与这些极端事件有关的温带波相互作用的机制提供见解。因此，这项工作具有实质性的更广泛的影响。

Moist deep convection organized on planetary to synoptic scales in the tropical atmosphere evolves together with extratropical Rossby waves that extend from the tropics and across high latitudes as well as from the extratropics into the tropics. This convection is organized in part into the 30-60 day eastward-moving Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and higher frequency convectively coupled atmospheric equatorial waves. Both the MJO and these convectively coupled waves interact with extratropical waves. This project endeavors to explain how these convectively coupled equatorial waves and extratropical waves might interact with each other and the wave breaking process in a manner that causes some of the major attributes of the MJO.The MJO profoundly influences extended range (4+ days) prediction of extreme weather events around the globe ranging from tropical cyclones to excessive heat, cold, floods, and droughts. The study will provide insights into the mechanisms whereby the MJO interacts with extratropical waves that are associated with such extreme events. Thus the work has substantial broader impacts.