Doctoral Dissertation Research: Governing the Environment Privately: Politics, Property, and Markets in Chile's Aquaculture and Forestry Sectors

博士论文研究：私人环境治理：智利水产养殖和林业部门的政治、财产和市场

• 批准号: 1129509
• 负责人: Carl Bauer
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1129509&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Governing; Environment

Chile's natural resource industries have experienced explosive growth within market-oriented policy frameworks since the sweeping neoliberal restructuring imposed by the military government beginning in the 1970s. Conflicts and coordination problems over alternative uses and values of forest and marine resources in the multifunctional landscapes of southern Chile have been pervasive, however, and in 2008, the country's booming salmon aquaculture industry all but collapsed due to failures in environmental management and disease epidemics. This doctoral dissertation research project will focus on a crucial question: When state regulation is constrained by design, how are the environmental conflicts and coordination problems associated with export-oriented agricultural industries addressed? To explore answers to this question, the doctoral student will conduct comparative analyses of aquaculture and forestry sectors in Chile, focusing special attention on why ecological markets developed to address environmental quality have not developed to address natural resource problems and the extent to which private forms of governance can resolve the internal coordination problems and the external conflicts associated with different agricultural industries. The cross-sector comparison of environmental governance mechanisms will focus on institutional arrangements (the configurations of rules, norms, and conventions), politics, and practices of governance. The student will conduct research in south central Chile, using multiple methods, including archival research, semi-structured interviews, the observation of regulatory venues, and a survey questionnaire. In order to explore the paradoxical absence of ecological markets in these sectors, the student's fieldwork will include both a "top down" focus on the policy arena as well as an examination of the "bottom up" efforts by conservation projects to create ecological rights and markets.The project will enhance understanding of environmental regulation within neoliberal policy contexts and help to fill a gap in the understanding of environmental governance within Chile's globally emblematic natural resource sectors. Project findings should provide valuable information and insights that can be used by stakeholders and policymakers in the study areas as well as in other nations seeking to effectively manage natural resources in free-market contexts. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

自20世纪70年代开始军政府实施全面的新自由主义重组以来，智利的自然资源行业在以市场为导向的政策框架内经历了爆炸性增长。 然而，在智利南部多功能景观中，森林和海洋资源的替代用途和价值方面的冲突和协调问题一直很普遍，2008年，由于环境管理失败和疾病流行，该国蓬勃发展的鲑鱼养殖业几乎崩溃。 本博士论文的研究课题是：当国家管制受到设计的约束时，如何解决与出口导向型农业产业相关的环境冲突和协调问题？ 为了探索这个问题的答案，博士生将进行水产养殖和林业部门在智利的比较分析，特别关注为什么生态市场开发，以解决环境质量没有发展到解决自然资源问题，以及在何种程度上私人形式的治理可以解决内部协调问题和外部冲突与不同的农业产业。 环境治理机制的跨部门比较将侧重于制度安排（规则、规范和惯例的配置）、政治和治理实践。 学生将在智利中南部进行研究，使用多种方法，包括档案研究，半结构化访谈，监管场所的观察和调查问卷。 为了探讨这些部门缺乏生态市场的矛盾现象，学生的实地考察将包括对政策竞技场的“自上而下”的关注，以及对“自下而上”的考察该项目将加强对新自由主义政策背景下的环境监管的理解，并有助于填补对环境监管的理解方面的空白。智利在全球具有象征意义的自然资源部门的治理。 项目调查结果应提供有价值的信息和见解，可供研究领域的利益攸关方和决策者以及寻求在自由市场环境下有效管理自然资源的其他国家使用。 作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。