Doctoral Dissertation Research: A High-Resolution Record of Holocene Climate Change from Big Soda Lake, Nevada

博士论文研究：内华达州大苏打湖全新世气候变化的高分辨率记录

• 批准号: 1130462
• 负责人: Roger Byrne
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1130462&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Resolution; Record

Oxygen isotope records of climate change are used to quantify past climatic conditions, to identify mechanisms of past climatic variability, to verify model simulations of past climate. This research will develop a high-resolution isotopic record of climate change in northwestern Nevada over the past 4000 years. Sediment cores recovered from Big Soda Lake near Fallon, Nevada are seasonally laminated which make it possible to reconstruct a detailed high-resolution record (i.e. sub-decadal) of Holocene climate change in the western part of the Great Basin. The lake is primarily fed by groundwater; therefore, changes in the fauna, mineralogy and geochemistry are directly related to changes in climate and human activity. A key question is to what extent prehistoric changes in groundwater levels compare to those recorded during recent historical times. Sedimentary characteristics such as geochemistry, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and organic content will be measured to identify regional changes in climate. Accurate chronological control will be ensured through multiple methods including varve (sediment layer) counting, radiocarbon dates on pollen concentrations, dated tephras, non-native pollen and lead-210 dating. This research will contribute to our current understanding of climate change in through creation of continuous sediment core records that fill important gaps from previous research. This sub decadal-resolution study will resolve temporal gaps in our understanding of the regional variation of past climate change, and resolve chronological problems that have hindered previous lake studies in the region. The results will provide insight into the variability of late Holocene climate change in the western Great Basin. Understanding past climate change in this drylands region with an expanding population, can help predict potential future change where natural and human activities are sensitive to changes in the water balance.As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

气候变化的氧同位素记录用于量化过去的气候条件，以识别过去气候变异性的机制，以验证过去气候的模型模拟。 这项研究将在过去4000年中发展内华达州西北部气候变化的高分辨率同位素记录。 从内华达州法伦附近的大苏打湖中回收的沉积物岩心是季节性的，这使得可以重建大盆地西部全新世气候变化的详细的高分辨率记录（即亚地区）。该湖主要由地下水喂养。因此，动物群，矿物学和地球化学的变化与气候和人类活动的变化直接相关。 一个关键的问题是，与最近历史时期记录的地下水层面相比，地下水一级的史前变化在多大程度上。 将测量诸如地球化学，晶粒尺寸，磁敏感性和有机含量之类的沉积特征，以确定气候中的区域变化。 准确的时间顺序控制将通过多种方法（包括Varve（沉积物层）计数，放射性碳浓度的日期，末期的Tephras，非本地花粉和Lead-210日期进行的多种方法确保。 这项研究将通过创建连续的沉积物核心记录来填补以前研究的重要空白，从而有助于我们当前对气候变化的理解。这项次分辨率的研究将在我们对过去气候变化的区域变化的理解中解决时间差距，并解决妨碍该地区先前湖泊研究的年代学问题。 结果将洞悉西方大盆地中全新世晚期气候变化的变化。 了解人口不断扩大的旱地地区过去的气候变化，可以帮助预测潜在的未来变化，而自然活动和人类活动对水平衡的变化敏感。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项将提供支持，使有前途的学生能够建立强大的独立研究职业。