Doctoral Dissertation Research: A High-Resolution Record of Holocene Climate Change from Big Soda Lake, Nevada

博士论文研究：内华达州大苏打湖全新世气候变化的高分辨率记录

• 批准号: 1130462
• 负责人: Roger Byrne
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1130462&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Resolution; Record

Oxygen isotope records of climate change are used to quantify past climatic conditions, to identify mechanisms of past climatic variability, to verify model simulations of past climate. This research will develop a high-resolution isotopic record of climate change in northwestern Nevada over the past 4000 years. Sediment cores recovered from Big Soda Lake near Fallon, Nevada are seasonally laminated which make it possible to reconstruct a detailed high-resolution record (i.e. sub-decadal) of Holocene climate change in the western part of the Great Basin. The lake is primarily fed by groundwater; therefore, changes in the fauna, mineralogy and geochemistry are directly related to changes in climate and human activity. A key question is to what extent prehistoric changes in groundwater levels compare to those recorded during recent historical times. Sedimentary characteristics such as geochemistry, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and organic content will be measured to identify regional changes in climate. Accurate chronological control will be ensured through multiple methods including varve (sediment layer) counting, radiocarbon dates on pollen concentrations, dated tephras, non-native pollen and lead-210 dating. This research will contribute to our current understanding of climate change in through creation of continuous sediment core records that fill important gaps from previous research. This sub decadal-resolution study will resolve temporal gaps in our understanding of the regional variation of past climate change, and resolve chronological problems that have hindered previous lake studies in the region. The results will provide insight into the variability of late Holocene climate change in the western Great Basin. Understanding past climate change in this drylands region with an expanding population, can help predict potential future change where natural and human activities are sensitive to changes in the water balance.As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

氧同位素记录的气候变化被用来量化过去的气候条件，以确定过去的气候变率的机制，以验证过去的气候模式模拟。 这项研究将开发一个高分辨率的同位素记录的气候变化在西北内华达州在过去的4000年。 从内华达州法伦附近的大苏打湖采集的沉积物岩心呈季节性分层，这使得重建大盆地西部全新世气候变化的详细高分辨率（即亚十年）记录成为可能。该湖主要由地下水补给;因此，动物群、矿物学和地球化学的变化与气候和人类活动的变化直接相关。 一个关键问题是，与近代历史时期记录的地下水位相比，史前地下水位的变化程度如何。 将测量沉积特征，如地球化学、粒度、磁化率和有机物含量，以确定区域气候变化。 将通过多种方法确保准确的年代控制，包括纹层（沉积层）计数、花粉浓度的放射性碳年代测定、火山灰年代测定、非原生花粉和铅-210年代测定。 这项研究将有助于我们目前对气候变化的理解，通过创建连续的沉积物芯记录，填补了以前研究的重要空白。这种次十年分辨率的研究将解决我们对过去气候变化的区域变化的理解的时间差距，并解决阻碍该地区以前湖泊研究的时间问题。 研究结果将为了解西部大盆地晚全新世气候变化的变异性提供依据。 了解这个人口不断增长的干旱地区过去的气候变化，可以帮助预测未来的潜在变化，因为自然和人类活动对水平衡的变化很敏感。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项将为有前途的学生提供支持，使其能够建立强大的独立研究事业。