Collaborative Research: Developing New Instrumentation to Accurately Measure the Heat and Mass Flux of Hydrothermal Fluids

合作研究：开发新仪器来准确测量热液流体的热量和质量通量

• 批准号: 1131772
• 负责人: Daniel Fornari
• 金额: $ 38.04万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1131772&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Developing; New; Instrumentation

The PI's request funding to develop a pair of camera systems that are specifically designed to use OPV (VentCam) and DFV (Diffuse Effluent Measurement System (DEMS)) to measure the velocities of focused and diffuse hydrothermal flows in these environments. The VentCam system will use OPV to perform time-series velocity measurements on black smoker fluids using a high-speed, high resolution camera with automatic panning that maintains the flow in the field-of-view during sulfide chimney growth. The DEMS will measure diffuse fluid velocities using a camera attached at a fixed distance from a background specially designed for DFV calculations. Simultaneous temperature measurements by thermocouples placed in high-temperature vent orifices as well as low-temperature loggers coupled to the DEMS will help constrain the partitioning of diffuse and focused heat fluxes and the amount of crustal cooling attributable to axial venting. Measuring the rates at which hydrothermal fluids exit the crust, and how those rates change over time, is critical for understanding these systems and the complex linkages between their component parts. Such measurements can provide information about the structure of permeability in the subseafloor, the geometry of hydrothermal circulation patterns, fluxes of heat and chemicals exchanged with the overlying ocean, and the potential productivity of subseafloor ecosystems.Broader Impacts: Knowledge gained using these tools will improve our understanding of hydrothermal fluid fluxes and their contribution to a variety of chemical, biological and physical processes. The project will support two early career scientists who were responsible for developing the optical methods to be used by these imaging systems. The Mentoring plan for the post-doc is well described and likely to result in successful development of the researcher during the projects lifetime. When developed and tested, the instruments have potential for longer-term time series if connected to regional seafloor cabled observatories like the Regional Serial Nodes observatory under development on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.

PI请求资助开发一对专门设计用于使用OPV（VentCam）和DFV（扩散流出物测量系统（DEMS））的相机系统，以测量这些环境中聚焦和扩散热液流的速度。VentCam系统将使用OPV对黑烟流体进行时间序列速度测量，使用具有自动平移功能的高速高分辨率相机，在硫化物烟囱生长期间保持视野中的流动。DEMS将使用与专门设计用于DFV计算的背景固定距离处连接的摄像机测量扩散流体速度。同时温度测量热电偶放置在高温喷口，以及低温测井仪耦合到DEMS将有助于限制分散和集中的热通量的分区和地壳冷却量归因于轴向排气。测量热液流出地壳的速度以及这些速度如何随时间变化，对于了解这些系统及其组成部分之间的复杂联系至关重要。这种测量可以提供有关海底以下渗透性结构、热液循环模式的几何形状、与上覆海洋交换的热量和化学品通量以及海底以下生态系统潜在生产力的信息。 利用这些工具获得的知识将提高我们对热液流体通量及其对各种化学、生物和物理过程的贡献的认识。该项目将支持两名早期职业科学家，他们负责开发这些成像系统所使用的光学方法。博士后的指导计划被很好地描述，并可能导致研究人员在项目生命周期内的成功发展。在开发和测试后，如果将这些仪器连接到区域海底电缆观测站，如正在胡安·德富卡海岭开发的区域序列节点观测站，则这些仪器有可能获得较长期的时间序列。