CSUB Center for Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration

CSUB 气候变化和碳封存中心

• 批准号: 1137774
• 负责人: Robert Negrini
• 金额: $ 500.04万
• 依托单位: CSUB Auxiliary for Sponsored Programs Administration
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1137774&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSUB; Center; Climate; Change; Carbon

California State University at Bakersfield (CSUB) will initiate a new Center for Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) to conduct important research related to water resources in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California as well as to study potential sites and technologies for carbon sequestration in that region. The Center activities, both research and educational, will lead to enhancements in student-involved, state of the art research and faculty productivity at a major California state university that serves student populations that are historically underrepresented in STEM disciplines. Students will be recruited from the southern San Joaquin Valley as part of their education and developing aspirations to continue into Ph.D. programs in the geosciences, mathematics, and/or engineering. The goals will be realized principally through ample student financial support, the release of faculty from a heavy teaching load, enhanced laboratory facilities/equipment, and a center organizational structure that will foster research productivity and networking of subproject faculty and students.The specific research activities will be conducted through four synergistic subprojects, that includea) runoff forecasts for the four Sierran rivers that are responsible for most of the natural water supplies of the southern San Joaquin Valley, a globally important agricultural center, b) statistical modeling of timing of Sierran snowpack accumulation and melt to better understand its spatial distribution with respect to historical changes in temperature and precipitation, c) subsurface mapping of available storage space and baseline physical characteristics (i.e., lithology) associated with three declining petroleum reservoirs that are candidates for carbon sequestration and enhanced recovery using carbon dioxide, and d) laboratory injections of supercritical carbon dioxide into samples of the candidate reservoir rocks to constrain expected chemical reactions and their effect on the success of sequestration efforts. The Center will be strongly committed to educating and graduating B.S. and M.S.-level scientists effectively recruited from a abundant pool of minority students already enrolled at CSUB, in local junior colleges and high schools. In doing so, the center will leverage existing, successful recruitment programs already set up by the host department and school that are funded by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Education, and local industry, principally Chevron, USA. Finally, the center will serve as a focus of research in a critical agricultural and petroleum resource area and, as such, will collaborate with a large population of researchers in industry, Ph.D.-granting institutions, and government agencies.Intellectual Merit. The CSUB CREST will develop model pathways of how basic research at a regional comprehensive university such as CSUB can directly contribute to important societal decisions regarding water resource planning and site selection for carbon sequestration projects. The investigators of all four projects are published in the relevant disciplines and have experience with similar projects either at CSUB or at their Ph.D.-granting institutions and have a strong track record of involving students in research. Creative approaches are being proposed that may very well lead to transformative concepts such as the application of functional data regression models to space-time measurements of continuous processes in several of the other sciences and the use of connections between paleo-lake level and regional sea surface paleo-temperature records to make meaningful estimates of changes in river discharge in response to anticipated climate change. The instruments and lab facilities required for the proposed research are already present in the well-equipped CSUB Department of Geological Sciences, or are available at cooperating research institutions. Broader Impacts. Approximately 100 students from the San Joaquin Valley will be directly involved in the research subprojects as an integral part of an instructional program, after which most will emerge from CSUB eligible for matriculation into graduate school at the Ph.D. level. The best performing students will be awarded research assistantships, tuition and travel funds. With these resources, a vanguard of CSUB students involved in the research projects associated with this award will perform at a high academic level and will graduate on time because they will be freed from working long hours at jobs unrelated to their career aspirations while going to school, a common problem for the socioeconomically disadvantaged students of the CSUB service region. Also as a result of this support many bright students will be attracted to the program, who otherwise would choose non-STEM majors to avoid the extra time commitment demanded by lab-intensive science and mathematics courses. The enhanced research environment and the resultant increases in productivity and dissemination of results will foster networks and partnerships with employees and owners of agricultural and petroleum companies and government officials. This will lead to additional funding opportunities, and hence, contribute to center sustainability. Scientific results important to society will result, including estimates of amount and timing of snowmelt/runoff into a major agricultural center and the volumetric, baseline rock characterization and predicted geochemical evolution of reservoir rocks from the region that have been proposed for carbon sequestration.

加州州立大学贝克斯菲尔德分校（CSUB）将启动一个新的科学技术卓越研究中心（CREST），开展与加州圣华金河谷南部水资源有关的重要研究，并研究该地区潜在的碳封存地点和技术。该中心的研究和教育活动将提高加州一所主要州立大学的学生参与、最先进的研究和教师生产力，这所大学为历来在STEM学科中代表性不足的学生群体提供服务。该校将从圣华金河谷南部招收学生，作为他们教育的一部分，并培养他们继续攻读地球科学、数学和/或工程博士学位的愿望。这些目标将主要通过充分的学生财政支持，教师从繁重的教学负担中解脱出来，增强实验室设施/设备，以及促进研究生产力和子项目教师和学生网络的中心组织结构来实现。具体的研究活动将通过四个协同子项目进行，其中包括：对负责全球重要农业中心南圣华金河谷大部分自然供水的四条塞拉利昂河流的径流预测；b)对塞拉利昂积雪积累和融化的时间进行统计建模，以更好地了解其空间分布与温度和降水的历史变化；C)与三个候选储层相关的可用存储空间和基线物理特征（即岩性）的地下测绘，这些储层是碳封存和使用二氧化碳提高采收率的候选储层岩石，d)实验室向候选储层岩石样品中注入超临界二氧化碳，以限制预期的化学反应及其对封存成功的影响。该中心将大力致力于培养和毕业理学士和硕士水平的科学家，有效地从已经在CSUB，当地大专和高中入学的大量少数民族学生中招募。在此过程中，该中心将利用由国家科学基金会、教育部和当地工业（主要是美国雪佛龙公司）资助的主办部门和学校已经建立的现有的、成功的招聘计划。最后，该中心将成为关键农业和石油资源领域的研究重点，因此将与工业界、博士学位授予机构和政府机构的大量研究人员合作。知识价值。CSUB CREST将开发一种模式路径，说明像CSUB这样的区域性综合性大学的基础研究如何能够直接为有关水资源规划和碳封存项目选址的重要社会决策做出贡献。所有四个项目的研究人员都在相关学科发表过论文，并且在CSUB或其博士学位授予机构有类似项目的经验，并且在让学生参与研究方面有着良好的记录。正在提出的创造性方法很可能导致变革性的概念，例如将功能数据回归模型应用于若干其他科学中连续过程的时空测量，以及利用古湖泊水位和区域海面古温度记录之间的联系，对响应预期气候变化的河流流量变化进行有意义的估计。拟议的研究所需的仪器和实验室设施已经在设备齐全的地质科学部，或者在合作研究机构可以得到。更广泛的影响。大约100名来自圣华金河谷的学生将直接参与研究子项目，作为教学计划的一个组成部分，之后，大多数来自CSUB的学生将有资格进入研究生院攻读博士学位。表现最好的学生将获得研究助理奖学金、学费和旅行基金。有了这些资源，参与与该奖项相关的研究项目的CSUB学生的先头部队将在高学术水平上表现出色，并将按时毕业，因为他们将从上学期间长时间从事与职业抱负无关的工作中解脱出来，这是CSUB服务地区社会经济条件不利的学生的普遍问题。此外，由于这种支持，许多聪明的学生将被吸引到这个项目，否则他们会选择非stem专业，以避免实验室密集型科学和数学课程所要求的额外时间。研究环境的改善以及由此产生的生产力和成果传播的提高将促进与农业和石油公司的雇员和所有者以及政府官员之间的网络和伙伴关系。这将带来更多的融资机会，从而有助于中心的可持续性。将产生对社会重要的科学成果，包括估计融雪/流入主要农业中心的数量和时间，以及提出用于碳封存的该地区储层岩石的体积、基线岩石特征和预测的地球化学演化。