Archaeological and Chronological Investigation of the Middle Elamite Period at Haft Tappeh (Iran)

哈夫特塔佩（伊朗）中期埃兰时期的考古学和年代学调查

• 批准号: 202781357
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Doris Prechel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Altorientalische Philologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/202781357?language=en
• 关键词: Archaeological; Chronological; Investigation; Middle; Elamite

The recent archaeological excavations which were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft brought out new evidences regarding the settlement history of the ancient city and indicated that in contrast to the general opinion we have several periods of settlement at Haft Tappeh. During the first phase of the project from 2011 to 2014 it was possible to determine three building phases which belonged to the beginning of the Middle Elamite Period (15th and 14th century BC). This new knowledge led to establish a detailed chronology for the pottery assemblage and other findings. During the first two building phases of the Middle Elamite period monumental complexes like temples and palaces were created in Haft Tappeh and the city area increased to about 250 ha. However it diminished during the last building phase. In this period some of the monumental complexes were abandoned and consequently turned into ruins which were used from the people to build their housing. The pottery assemblage shows that this phase ended about 1300 BC. Most probably the city fell due to an invasion and the people were massacred, because we found several hundreds of skeletons in the street behind the wall of a house. They were disorderly placed there in a heap over each other. The excavations led to another very important result. We discovered a building phase which was older than the three mentioned above phases of the Middle Elamite period. Its pottery is similar to the assemblage in Susa, which is attributed to the Sukkalmah period in the 18th and 17th century BC. Subsequently this led to the question, if there was a hiatus in the settlement from the 17th to the 15th century BC in Haft Tappeh. If it was not the case and the life in Haft Tappeh continued without any interruption, than the chronology of Susa should be modified and the discovered pottery assemblage from Susa should be about one century younger.The objective of the second phase of the excavation project is to investigate this oldest building phase at Haft Tappeh and collect much more cultural material from it in order to point out the chronological relationship between it and the following Middle Elamite period.

最近由德国基金会资助的考古发掘提供了有关古城定居点历史的新证据，并表明与普遍看法相反，我们在Haft Tapph有几个定居点时期。在2011年至2014年项目的第一阶段，可以确定属于中埃兰时期(公元前15世纪和公元前14世纪)开始的三个建筑阶段。这一新知识导致建立了陶器组装的详细年表和其他发现。在中埃兰特时期的前两个建筑阶段，在哈夫塔普赫建造了寺庙和宫殿等纪念性建筑群，城市面积增加到约250公顷。然而，在最后一个建造阶段，它减少了。在这一时期，一些不朽的建筑群被遗弃，因此变成了废墟，被人们用来建造他们的住房。陶器的组装表明，这一阶段大约在公元前1300年结束。很可能这座城市是由于一场入侵而陷落的，人们被屠杀了，因为我们在一所房子的墙后的街道上发现了数百具骷髅。他们杂乱无章地放在那里，互相堆在一起。这些发掘带来了另一个非常重要的结果。我们发现了一个比埃兰中期上述三个阶段更古老的建筑阶段。它的陶器与苏萨的陶器相似，被认为是公元前18世纪和17世纪的苏加尔马时期。随后，这就引出了这样一个问题：公元前17世纪至公元前15世纪，Haft Tapph的定居点是否中断了。如果不是这样，并且在哈夫塔佩的生活没有任何中断，那么苏萨的年代应该被修改，从苏萨发现的陶器组合应该年轻大约一个世纪。挖掘项目第二阶段的目标是调查哈夫塔佩这一最古老的建筑阶段，并从其中收集更多的文化材料，以指出它与下一个中埃兰时代之间的年代关系。