RAPID: Mississippi Flood of 2011 - Investigation of Initial Impact on the Landscape

快速：2011年密西西比洪水-景观初步影响调查-1140198 Praveen Kumar，加里帕克，Jim Best，Marcelo Garcia，布鲁斯罗兹，Michelle Wander，Jeff Nittrouer，Robert Darmody，亚瑟施密特，Murugesu Sivapalan，Jonathan Greenberg（加州大学戴维斯分校），罗伯特霍姆斯（美国地质勘探局）摘要拟议的快速反应研究赠款的目标是进行实地活动，现场取样，并对受2011年特大洪水影响的密西西比河下游选定地区及周边景观进行激光雷达调查。PI的兴趣是了解如何故意但不受控制的堤坝突破鸟点，并在莫甘扎和邦尼特卡雷溢洪道工程改道影响的溪流和周围的景观。在拟议的努力中，他们计划（1）通过采样沉积物深度，沉积面积和沉积物粒度分布和地层来表征洪水沉积物;（2）调查土壤形态及其性质，如土壤有机碳，pH值，阳离子交换能力，质地和体积密度;（3）通过描述水深、水流和泥沙输运特征，描述所有三个分输点的景观形态和结构响应;以及（4）通过激光雷达调查评估密西西比河和俄亥俄州河汇合处附近和下游的景观影响，包括鸟点新马德里（BPNM）排洪道的大部分。收集的数据将使他们能够评估大型偶发事件，如目前的密西西比洪水，是否会影响河流和周围洪泛区的长期形式和功能，以及对水流和运输动力学影响的时间尺度。利用这些数据进行的研究将有助于今后规划密西西比河下游流域的水和沉积物分流。

RAPID: Mississippi Flood of 2011 - Investigation of Initial Impact on the LandscapeEAR-1140198Praveen Kumar, Gary Parker, Jim Best, Marcelo Garcia, Bruce Rhoads, Michelle Wander, Jeff Nittrouer, Robert Darmody, Arthur Schmidt, Murugesu Sivapalan, Jonathan Greenberg (Univ. of California, Davis), Robert Holmes (USGS)AbstractThe objective of the proposed Rapid Response Research grant is to undertake field campaign, in-situ sampling, and Lidar survey of selected regions of the Lower Mississippi River and surrounding landscape impacted by the 2011 extreme flood. PIs interest is to understand how deliberate but uncontrolled levee breach at Birds Point, and engineered diversions at Morganza and Bonnet Carré spillways impact both the streams and the surrounding landscapes. In the proposed effort they plan to (1) characterize flood deposits by sampling sediment depth, depositional area, and sediment grain size distribution and stratigraphy; (2) investigate soil morphology and their properties such as soil organic carbon, pH, cation exchange capacity, texture, and bulk density; (3) characterize response of landscape form and structure at all three offtake sites by characterizing the bathymetry, flow, and sediment transport; and (4) evaluate landscape impact through Lidar survey near and downstream of the Mississippi and Ohio River Confluence including large sections of the Birds Point New Madrid (BPNM) floodway. The data collected will allow them to assess if large episodic events, such as the present Mississippi flood, shape the long-term form and function of rivers and the surrounding floodplains, and the timescale of the impact on the flow and transport dynamics. Studies using this data will assist in future planning of water and sediment diversions in the lower Mississippi River basin.