Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island

南极云物理：罗斯岛的基本观测

• 批准号: 1141939
• 负责人: Dan Lubin
• 金额: $ 51.16万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1141939&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Antarctic; Cloud; Physics; Fundamental; Observations

Antarctic clouds constitute an important parameter of the surface radiation budget and thus play a significant role in Antarctic climate and climate change. The variability in, and long term trends of, cloud optical and microphysical properties are therefore fundamental in parameterizing the mixed phase (water-snow-ice) coastal Antarctic stratiform clouds experienced around the continent.Using a spectoradiometer that covers the wavelength range of 350 to 2200nm, the downwelled spectral irradiance at the earth surface (Ross Island) will be used to retrieve the optical depth, thermodynamic phase, liquid water droplet effective radius, and ice-cloud effective particle size of overhead clouds, at hourly intervals and for an austral summer season (Oct-March). Based on the very limited data sets that exist for the maritime Antarctic, expectations are that Ross Island (Lat 78 S) should exhibit clouds with:a) An abundance of supercooled liquid water, and related mixed-phase cloud processesb) Cloud nucleation from year round biogenic and oceanic sources, in an otherwise pristine environmentc) Simple cloud geometries of predominantly stratiform cloud decksIncreased understanding of the cloud properties in the region of the main USAP base, McMurdo station is also relevant to operational weather forecasting relevant to aviation. A range of educational and outreach activities are associate with the project, including provision of workshops for high school teachers will be carried out.

南极云是地表辐射收支的一个重要参数，因此在南极气候和气候变化中起着重要作用。因此，云光学和微物理特性的变化和长期趋势是混合相参数化的基础利用波长范围为350 ~ 2200 nm的分光辐射计，测量了南极沿海层状云在南极大陆周围的下涌光谱辐照度（罗斯岛）将被用来检索光学深度，热力学相位，液态水滴有效半径，和冰云有效粒子大小的头顶云，在每小时的时间间隔和南方夏季（10月至3月）。 根据南极海洋地区现有的非常有限的数据集，预计罗斯岛（纬度78南）应该展示具有以下特征的云：a）丰富的过冷液态水和相关的混合相云过程b）在原始环境中来自全年生物和海洋来源的云成核c）主要层状云甲板的简单云几何形状增加了对USAP主要基地麦默多站区域云特性的了解，这也与航空相关的业务天气预报有关。一系列教育和推广活动与该项目有关，包括为高中教师举办讲习班。