RAPID: Using a natural extreme freeze in New Mexico to test predictions regarding the physiological basis of freezing tolerance in natural populations.

RAPID：利用新墨西哥州的自然极端冰冻来测试有关自然种群冰冻耐受性生理基础的预测。

• 批准号: 1142350
• 负责人: William Pockman
• 金额: $ 17.16万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1142350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Using; natural; extreme; freeze

In plants, like other organisms, physiological limits define environmental conditions allowing survival and growth. For most species, especially evergreens, the rare extremes of local climate may exceed physiological limits, killing plants or severely limiting their function. The effects of extreme events can persist for decades, affecting the ecological (growth, reproduction, species composition, etc.) and sociological (aesthetic qualities, land value, freshwater, etc.) functions of that ecosystem. This project will test predictions from past measurements of the physiological limits of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), a widespread evergreen desert shrub dominating millions of acres in the southwest, following an extreme freeze in central and southern New Mexico in February 2011. The project will measure freezing damage and recovery of creosotebush in central and southern NM, test the ability of characteristics identified in recent research to predict the damage caused by the natural freeze and, use satellite images to quantify the broad patterns of plant damage (measured as plant canopy greenness) throughout the season and link them to our present understanding of the physiological limits of creosotebush. We expect known physiological limits will explain immediate post-freeze damage but mortality in plot and satellite measurements will be reduced by regrowth from roots. This project will improve our understanding and ability to predict plant responses to extreme events and the large-scale effects of these responses. We need to understand the response to extreme events because ongoing climate change may alter them and thus their effect on vegetation. This project will train a postdoctoral scientist and two graduate students and results will be disseminated to primary and undergraduate students and the general public.

在植物中，像其他生物一样，生理极限定义了允许生存和生长的环境条件。 对于大多数物种，特别是常绿植物，当地罕见的极端气候可能会超过生理极限，杀死植物或严重限制其功能。 极端事件的影响可持续数十年，影响生态（生长、繁殖、物种组成等）。和社会学（美学品质、土地价值、淡水等）这个生态系统的功能。该项目将测试过去对杂酚油灌木（Larrea tridentata）生理极限的测量结果的预测，这是一种分布广泛的万年青沙漠灌木，在西南部占据数百万英亩的土地，继2011年2月新墨西哥州中部和南部的极端冰冻之后。 该项目将测量在中部和南部NM的木馏油的冻害和恢复，测试在最近的研究中确定的特征的能力，以预测自然冻结造成的损害，并使用卫星图像来量化整个季节的植物损害的广泛模式（测量为植物冠层绿度），并将它们与我们目前对木馏油的生理限制的理解联系起来。 我们预计已知的生理限制将解释立即冻结后的损害，但死亡率在情节和卫星测量将减少从根再生。 该项目将提高我们的理解和能力，以预测植物对极端事件的反应以及这些反应的大规模影响。 我们需要了解对极端事件的反应，因为持续的气候变化可能会改变它们，从而改变它们对植被的影响。 该项目将培训一名博士后科学家和两名研究生，并将向小学生、大学生和公众传播成果。