Characeristics of Island-scale Airflow and Climate over the Hawaiian Islands

夏威夷群岛岛屿尺度气流和气候特征

• 批准号: 1142558
• 负责人: Yi-Leng Chen
• 金额: $ 36.33万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1142558&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Characeristics; Island; scale; Airflow; Climate

The Hawaiian Islands, which present a variety of terrain heights and configurations embedded within a synoptically- and interannually-modulated trade wind regime, constitute a natural laboratory for high-resolution studies of orographic flow and precipitation processes at subtropical latitudes. A combination of careful reanalysis of nearly 10 years of archived high-resolution (1.5- and 3.0-km island-scale) numerical forecasts generated using the MM5/LSM (the paired Penn State/NCAR mesoscale/land-surface model) and WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting model) and select re-runs will be used to explore a variety of questions including but not limited to: (1) Why is Mount Wai'ale'ale (1598 m MSL) on Kauai one of the wettest spots on earth?; (2) What physical processes are responsible for a lee-side summer rainfall maximum on Kona?; (3) what dynamics control diurnal and seasonal variations in strong channel winds in the zone separating Hawaii and Maui?; (4) How does reverse flow in the wake of relatively lower barriers such as Oahu depend on trade-wind properties?; (5) How do El Nino-induced modulations affect the micro-climates of zones both above and below the trade-wind inversion across the Hawaiian archipelago?; and (6) What specific conditions favor development of trapped mountain lee waves in this region?The intellectual merit of this research rests on extension of model-based representations and associated dynamical understanding of island-atmosphere interactions across the Hawaiian archipelago to finer scales than has heretofore been possible, and within a zone where El Nino/Southern Oscillation-induced impacts are both sizable yet incompletely characterized. Broader impacts will include graduate student training but extend to improved understanding of conditions impacting commerce and transportation, fragile marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and capacity for renewable energy generation.

夏威夷群岛，其中提出了各种各样的地形高度和配置嵌入在天气和年际调制信风制度，构成了一个天然的实验室，高分辨率的研究在亚热带地区的地形流和降水过程。 仔细再分析近10年的存档高分辨率（1.5公里和3.0公里岛屿尺度）数值预报，使用MM 5/LSM（配对的宾夕法尼亚州立大学/NCAR中尺度/陆面模型）和WRF（天气研究&预报模型）生成，并选择重新运行，将用于探索各种问题，包括但不限于：（1）为什么考艾岛上的阿威'ale'ale（海平面1598米）是地球上最潮湿的地方之一？(2)科纳背风面夏季降雨量最大的物理过程是什么？(3)在夏威夷和毛伊岛之间的区域内，是什么动力控制着强槽风的日变化和季节变化？(4)在相对较低的障碍（如O2）之后，反向流动如何取决于信风特性？(5)厄尔尼诺引起的调制是如何影响夏威夷群岛信风逆温上下区域的微气候的？（6）在这一地区，有什么样的特殊条件有利于被困山地背风波的发展？这项研究的智力价值在于扩展基于模型的表示和相关的动力学理解的岛屿-大气相互作用在夏威夷群岛的更精细的尺度比迄今为止可能的，在一个区域内，厄尔尼诺/南方涛动引起的影响都是相当大的，但不完全的特点。 更广泛的影响将包括研究生培训，但也将扩大到更好地了解影响商业和运输、脆弱的海洋和陆地生态系统以及可再生能源发电能力的条件。