The study will investigate environmental justice relating to urban transport. Through comparative Californian case studies, it will look at road traffic emission loads for different population groups at their residential location. Building on US research

在城市交通方面，环境正义（EJ）关注的是交通排放对不同人口群体的不同影响程度。这个问题将通过加州的案例研究进行调查，因为经济学研究在美国建立的时间比在德国要长得多，而且这项工作可以建立在东道国研究所的丰富经验之上。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有任何关于从美国到德国的研究结果和方法的可转移性的知识。此外，现有的方法也将大大扩展和区分：到目前为止，研究主要集中在哪个群体比其他群体受交通排放影响更大的问题。这些分析通常要么利用关于主观评价的二手数据，要么通过测量或建模对环境参数进行量化。拟议的项目将把这两种方法联系起来：环境负担将通过建模和住户调查加以量化，并对结果进行比较。一个全新的方面将是人类日常活动模式的影响问题。因为交通噪音的影响不仅与绝对交通量有关，而且与它们在一天中的分布有关，所以重要的是要调查哪些人在交通负荷高的时候呆在家里的时间更长，而不仅仅是谁通常住在交通繁忙的道路附近。最后，还需要研究道路交通相关负担在家庭区位选择中的作用：由于家庭对其他区位因素的重视程度更高，家庭在多大程度上有意识地接受了这些因素，在这方面是否存在社会经济差异？还需要回答这些问题，以便能够更清楚地诊断这一领域的环境不公正现象，并帮助避免或减少相关的重大卫生费用。

In relation to urban transport, environmental justice (EJ) focuses on the question to what extent different population groups are differently affected by transport emissions. This question will be investigated looking at case studies in California as EJ research has been established in the US for much longer than in Germany and the work can build on extensive experience at the host institute. So far, there is hardly any knowledge about the transferability of findings and methods from US to German contexts, though. Also, existing approaches are to be significantly extended and differentiated: Until now, research primarily focused on the question which groups were more affected by transport emissions than others. The analyses generally either drew on secondary data about subjective evaluations or environmental parameters were quantified through measurements or modelling. The proposed project will link both approaches: environmental burdens will be quantified through both modelling and household surveys and the results will be compared. A wholly new aspect will be the question of the influence of human daily activity patterns. Since the effects of traffic noise in particular but of other transport emissions, too, are not just related to absolute traffic volumes but also to their distribution over the day, it is important to investigate who specifically spends more time at home when traffic loads are high and not just who generally lives along roads with heavier traffic. Finally, the role played by road traffic related burdens in household location choice shall also be investigated: To what extent do households consciously accept these, because they value other location factors more highly and are there any socioeconomic differences in this respect? Answers to these questions will also be required to enable a clearer diagnosis of environmental injustice in this area and to help avoid or reduce the significant associated health costs.