Historical naming traditions and cryptic speciation bias biodiversity estimates in transatlantic agaric fungi

跨大西洋木耳真菌的历史命名传统和神秘的物种形成偏差生物多样性估计

• 批准号: 1144974
• 负责人: Ronald Petersen
• 金额: $ 38.68万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1144974&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Historical; naming; traditions; cryptic; speciation

The Eastern United States is an area of exceptional biodiversity. But for fungi, a critical component of environmental health, this biodiversity is significantly underestimated for two reasons: 1) there is a significant but unknown level of hidden diversity underground and 2) traditional mycologists incorrectly used European names for North American species, assuming that fungal species were widely distributed. This study uses morphological examination, molecular data and mating studies to estimate levels of hidden diversity in agaric fungi and to evaluate the extent to which European and North American fungi are different species. The American study area focuses on one of the biodiversity hot spots in the United States, the southern Appalachian Mountains including the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The European study areas focus on two essential locations for traditional European names. The study will provide estimates of hidden diversity in the southern Appalachians and determine if molecular data and methods for estimating species boundaries can be effectively used to evaluate biodiversity in agaric fungi and accelerate taxonomic discovery. By further evaluating and documenting fungal biodiversity in the southern Appalachians, this project will contribute towards understanding the origins and maintenance of the exceptional biodiversity of the region and will contribute to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Understanding patterns of biodiversity has become increasingly urgent with the onset of global climate change. Land use and conservation decisions rely on estimates of biodiversity and endemism which are tied to species names. If these are inaccurate, conservation decisions may fail to protect native biodiversity.

美国东部是一个生物多样性异常丰富的地区。但对于真菌，环境健康的一个重要组成部分，这种生物多样性被严重低估，原因有两个：1）地下有一个重要但未知的隐藏多样性水平，2）传统的真菌学家错误地使用欧洲名称来命名北美物种，假设真菌物种分布广泛。 本研究采用形态学检查，分子数据和交配研究，估计水平的隐藏多样性的木耳真菌，并评估在何种程度上欧洲和北美真菌是不同的物种。 美国研究区的重点是美国的生物多样性热点之一，包括大烟山国家公园在内的阿巴拉契亚山脉南部。 欧洲研究领域集中在传统欧洲名称的两个重要位置。 该研究将提供对阿巴拉契亚山脉南部隐藏多样性的估计，并确定用于估计物种边界的分子数据和方法是否可有效地用于评估木耳真菌的生物多样性并加速分类学发现。通过进一步评估和记录阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的真菌生物多样性，该项目将有助于了解该地区特殊生物多样性的起源和维持，并将有助于大烟山国家公园的所有生物多样性分类清单。随着全球气候变化的开始，了解生物多样性的模式变得越来越紧迫。土地使用和保护决定依赖于与物种名称有关的生物多样性和特有性的估计。如果这些不准确，保护决定可能无法保护本地生物多样性。