Historical naming traditions and cryptic speciation bias biodiversity estimates in transatlantic agaric fungi

美国东部是一个生物多样性异常丰富的地区。但对于环境健康的关键组成部分真菌来说，这种生物多样性被严重低估了，原因有两个：1)地下隐藏着大量但未知的多样性；2)传统真菌学家错误地使用了北美物种的欧洲名称，认为真菌物种广泛分布。这项研究使用形态检查、分子数据和交配研究来估计木耳真菌隐藏的多样性水平，并评估欧洲和北美真菌是不同物种的程度。美国考察区集中在美国生物多样性热点之一的阿巴拉契亚山脉南部，包括大烟山国家公园。欧洲研究区域集中在传统欧洲名字的两个基本地点。这项研究将提供对阿巴拉契亚山脉南部隐藏的多样性的估计，并确定是否可以有效地利用分子数据和估计物种边界的方法来评估木耳真菌的生物多样性，并加快分类发现。通过进一步评估和记录阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的真菌生物多样性，该项目将有助于了解该地区特殊生物多样性的起源和维持，并将有助于大烟山国家公园的所有分类群生物多样性清单。随着全球气候变化的到来，了解生物多样性的模式变得越来越迫切。土地使用和保护决策依赖于对生物多样性和特有性的估计，这些估计与物种名称有关。如果这些不准确，保护决定可能无法保护本土生物多样性。

The Eastern United States is an area of exceptional biodiversity. But for fungi, a critical component of environmental health, this biodiversity is significantly underestimated for two reasons: 1) there is a significant but unknown level of hidden diversity underground and 2) traditional mycologists incorrectly used European names for North American species, assuming that fungal species were widely distributed. This study uses morphological examination, molecular data and mating studies to estimate levels of hidden diversity in agaric fungi and to evaluate the extent to which European and North American fungi are different species. The American study area focuses on one of the biodiversity hot spots in the United States, the southern Appalachian Mountains including the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The European study areas focus on two essential locations for traditional European names. The study will provide estimates of hidden diversity in the southern Appalachians and determine if molecular data and methods for estimating species boundaries can be effectively used to evaluate biodiversity in agaric fungi and accelerate taxonomic discovery. By further evaluating and documenting fungal biodiversity in the southern Appalachians, this project will contribute towards understanding the origins and maintenance of the exceptional biodiversity of the region and will contribute to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Understanding patterns of biodiversity has become increasingly urgent with the onset of global climate change. Land use and conservation decisions rely on estimates of biodiversity and endemism which are tied to species names. If these are inaccurate, conservation decisions may fail to protect native biodiversity.