Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Ideology and Political Organization in the Middle Lambayeque Valley, Northern North Coast of Peru

在普鲁登斯·赖斯博士的指导下，克里斯蒂娜·罗斯皮格里奥西女士将在位于Perú北部海岸兰巴耶克山谷的鲁亚中后期遗址Sicán（公元900-1350/1375年）进行考古研究。Luya由公共建筑组成，围绕一个开放空间建造了十二个土坯土丘。该地点被描述为佛罗里达州维斯塔地区首府和Sicán州首府Sicán站点的重要公共中心和卫星。《鹿亚》很重要，因为它有助于深入了解北海岸一个重要但以前未被探索的话题：早期国家首都城市和二线城市之间的功能角色和关系，尤其是意识形态的作用。虽然研究的是过去的一段时间，但这项研究与今天有直接的关系，因为它提供了对传统社会区域组织基础机制的见解，以及意识形态在将它们整合为功能单位方面可能发挥的作用。这些信息将有助于了解目前正在世界多个地区进行的进程。考古学的方法有能力在世纪和千年的时间尺度上追踪这些过程。中期Sicán政体的特点是一个中央集权的宗教国家，对兰巴耶克地区六个相邻的山谷施加意识形态控制。但是，在这种状态下，除了遗址核心之外，还没有对二级遗址的功能、作用和关系进行考古研究。此外，早期的民族历史记录将地区政治描述为相互独立，而不是整合在一个中央政府之下。尽管意识形态在古代政治中的作用是安第斯考古学的一个重要课题，但通过分析纪念性建筑的数据来研究它的情况并不多见。为了解Sicán核心区以外政体的社会政治关系，本研究有三个目标：(1)确定鲁亚的社会政治功能；(2)确定是否可以在鲁亚找到整个政体所共有的Sicán意识形态的要素；(3)记录腹地遗址Sicán中后期的空间、物质文化和政治变化。六个月的鲁亚野外工作将包括三个土丘的挖掘，土丘上的测试坑，以及揭示建筑的地图。建筑分析将包括空间组织、活动背景和建筑技术（例如，施工室、土坯建筑商的标志），这些将与Sicán网站上发布的数据进行比较。更广泛的影响，超出论文本身，包括培训秘鲁考古学生作为现场和实验室助理。该项目还旨在提高当地社区对前西班牙纪念碑和遗产重要性的认识。Luya一直并将继续遭到严重掠夺，这一问题是由社会经济因素和对考古遗址的文化和可持续价值缺乏了解造成的。因此，每个月将组织两次社区讲习班，并在当地公立学校举办讲座，解释鲁亚的科学考古发掘结果，从而将有关文化遗产的信息置于背景中。同样，实地工作将由一组当地工人进行。考虑到该地区考古修复项目的当前价值，该项目将为当地人提供基本工具，以组织未来的保护、管理以及可持续的经济和遗产项目，如旅游业。

Under the direction of Dr. Prudence Rice, Ms. Cristina Rospigliosi will conduct archaeological research at the Middle/Late Sicán site of Luya (A.D. 900-1350/1375), located in the Lambayeque Valley on the northern north coast of Perú. Luya is composed of public architecture, featuring twelve adobe mounds built around an open space. The site has been described as an important public center and satellite both of the regional capital of Vista Florida, and of the Sicán Site, the capital of the Sicán state. Luya is important because it will contribute insight into an important but previously unexplored topic on the north coast: the functional roles and relations between capital cities and second-tier sites in early states, especially the role of ideology.Although dealing with a past time period the research has direct relevance today because it provides insight into the mechanisms which underlie the regional organization of traditional societies and the role which ideology may play in integrating them into functioning units. Such information would be relevant to understanding processes which are currently being played out in multiple parts of the world. An archaeological approach has the ability of tracing such processes on century and millennial time scales.The Middle Sicán polity has been characterized as a centralized religious state exerting ideological control over six contiguous valleys in the Lambayeque region. But no archaeological research has been carried out to examine the function, role, and relations of second-tier sites in this state, outside the site core. Moreover, early ethnohistorical records depict regional polities as independent from each other, rather than integrated under a central government. And although the role of ideology in ancient polities is an important topic in Andean archaeology, it has not been commonly studied by analyzing data from monumental architecture.To understand socio-political relations in the Sicán polity beyond its core area, this research has three goals: (1) to determine the socio-political function of Luya; (2) to determine if elements of the Sicán ideology assumed to be shared throughout the polity can be identified at Luya; and (3) to record spatial, material cultural, and political changes between the Middle and Late Sicán periods at a hinterland site. Six months of fieldwork at Luya will include excavations at three mounds, test pits off the mounds, and mapping of revealed architecture. Architectural analyses will include spatial organization, activity contexts, and building techniques (e.g., construction chambers, adobe builders' marks), which will be compared to published data from the Sicán Site.Broader impacts, beyond the dissertation itself, include the training of Peruvian archaeology students as field and lab assistants. The project also aims to create awareness among the local community about the importance of their pre-Hispanic monuments and heritage. Luya has been and continues to be heavily looted, a problem fueled by socioeconomic factors and a lack of knowledge about the cultural and sustainable value of archaeological sites. Community workshops will thus be organized twice a month, along with lectures at local public schools, to explain the results of the scientific archaeological excavations at Luya, thus contextualizing the information about cultural heritage. Likewise, fieldwork will be carried out by a crew of local workers. Considering the current value of archaeological restoration projects in the region, this project will provide local people with the basic tools to organize future conservation, management, and sustainable economic and heritage projects such as tourism.