CAREER: Identifying controls on size evolution through comparative analysis

职业：通过比较分析确定尺寸演变的控制

• 批准号: 1151022
• 负责人: Jonathan Payne
• 金额: $ 44.72万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-15 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1151022&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Identifying; controls; size; evolution

CAREER: Identifying controls on size evolution through comparative analysisJonathan L. Payne, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford UniversityEAR-1151022ABSTRACTSize and function are inseparable in biology because a wide variety of physiological and life-history traits scale with size. Patterns of size evolution can therefore complement taxonomic diversity and geochemical proxy data by providing quantitative constraints on the influence of ecological interactions and environmental change on major events in the history of life, from the origin of eukaryotes to the Cambrian explosion, the early Paleozoic radiation of marine animals, the Cenozoic rise of mammals, the circumstances of mass extinctions and subsequent recoveries, responses to climate change, and potential influences of sampling bias on taxonomic diversity. One of the most intriguing observations in the study of size evolution is that patterns of change are often shared across distantly related taxa during intervals of taxonomic radiation, mass extinction, and global environmental change. Just as comprehensive, global compilation of stratigraphic ranges has enabled vast advances in our understanding of biodiversity dynamics, an analogous compilation of body sizes spanning the Phanerozic is critical for identifying controls on the evolution of this key functional trait. The goal of this study is to determine if and when evolutionary dynamics have been shared across major clades through the Phanerozoic and thereby identify the factors that shape the evolution of organism size. To accomplish this goal, PI will compile comprehensive, genus-level size datasets for foraminifera, brachiopods, and gastropods. These groups comprise more than 25% of the genus diversity in the marine fossil record but differ in basic anatomy, physiology, and ecology. By identifying the best model for size evolution within each clade, determining whether or not the mode of size evolution has shifted during the Phanerozoic, and testing whether evolutionary dynamics are shared across these groups, PI will determine whether there are universal ecological or environmental controls on size evolution or if, instead, the dynamics of size evolution vary among groups as a function of ecological and physiological properties or change through geological time as a function of biological or environmental circumstances.This study will provide the foundation for PI's long-term education and outreach program. Participation in the collection and analysis of body size data requires relatively little technical training or access to expensive instruments or facilities. Consequently, it offers an ideal opportunity to involve students at all levels directly in data collection and analysis, both in the classroom and as part of intensive summer research programs. Each summer, six high school students and one high school teacher will assist undergraduates and the graduate student in data collection and preliminary analyses. The high school teacher will continue data collection and analysis during the academic year at Yerba Buena High School, a school that serves a majority population of economically disadvantaged families and underrepresented groups in STEM fields. The graduate student will visit the class on a biweekly basis to supervise data collection and analysis, and the class will visit Stanford each spring as a capstone experience. The PI will develop a new freshman seminar class with exercises based on data from this project. Project success will be evaluated using surveys to assess student attitudes toward STEM fields and future plans before and after participation in the project, as well as long-term tracking of students' educational histories in future years.Data collected from this project will be archived as stand-alone datasets at Dryad, but will also be entered into the Paleobiology Database, an open-access, community-wide compilation of fossil occurrence data. Size data are integral to analyses of evolutionary dynamics and the fidelity of the fossil record. Because the data produced in this study will cover a significant fraction of known marine genera, they are likely to be used broadly by the community in studies unrelated to the proposed project.

职业生涯：通过比较分析确定尺寸演变的控制因素。摘要在生物学中，大小和功能是不可分割的，因为各种各样的生理和生活史特征都与大小有关。因此，大小演变的模式可以补充分类多样性和地球化学代用数据，对生态相互作用和环境变化对生命历史上重大事件的影响提供定量限制，从真核生物的起源到寒武纪大爆发，海洋动物的早古生代辐射，哺乳动物的新生代崛起，大规模灭绝和随后恢复的情况，气候变化的响应，以及抽样偏差对分类多样性的潜在影响。在研究大小进化时，最有趣的观察结果之一是，在分类学辐射、大规模灭绝和全球环境变化期间，变化模式通常在远亲类群之间共享。正如全面的，全球性的地层范围汇编使我们对生物多样性动态的理解取得了巨大的进步，一个类似的汇编身体大小跨越亚热带是至关重要的，以确定控制这一关键功能性状的进化。本研究的目的是确定是否以及何时进化动力学已通过中生代的主要分支共享，从而确定的因素，形成生物体大小的进化。 为了实现这一目标，PI将为有孔虫，腕足动物和腹足动物编制全面的属级大小数据集。 这些群体包括海洋化石记录中超过25%的属多样性，但在基本解剖学，生理学和生态学方面有所不同。 通过确定每个分支中大小进化的最佳模型，确定大小进化的模式是否在中生代发生了变化，并测试这些群体之间是否共享进化动力学，PI将确定大小进化是否存在普遍的生态或环境控制，或者，相反，大小演化的动力学在群体之间作为生态和生理特性的函数而变化，或者作为生物或环境条件的函数而在地质时间内变化。这项研究将提供基础PI的长期教育和推广计划 参与体型数据的收集和分析需要相对较少的技术培训或使用昂贵的仪器或设施。 因此，它提供了一个理想的机会，让各级学生直接参与数据收集和分析，无论是在课堂上还是作为密集的夏季研究计划的一部分。 每年夏天，六名高中生和一名高中教师将协助本科生和研究生进行数据收集和初步分析。 高中教师将在Yerba Buena高中的学年期间继续收集和分析数据，该学校为STEM领域的大多数经济弱势家庭和代表性不足的群体提供服务。 研究生将每两周参观一次该课程，以监督数据收集和分析，该课程将于每年春天参观斯坦福大学，作为最高体验。 PI将开发一个新的新生研讨班，并根据该项目的数据进行练习。 项目成功与否将通过调查来评估学生在参与项目前后对STEM领域和未来计划的态度，以及对学生未来几年教育历史的长期跟踪。从该项目收集的数据将作为独立的数据集在Dryad存档，但也将输入古生物学数据库，这是一个开放获取的社区范围的化石发生数据汇编。 大小数据对于分析进化动力学和化石记录的保真度是不可或缺的。 由于这项研究产生的数据将涵盖已知海洋属的很大一部分，它们很可能被社区广泛用于与拟议项目无关的研究。