Collaborative Research: Continuing a Unique Time-Series of Volcanic Inflation at Axial Seamount

合作研究：继续轴状海山火山膨胀的独特时间序列

• 批准号: 1155381
• 负责人: Scott Nooner
• 金额: $ 6.98万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Wilmington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1155381&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Continuing; Unique; Time

Axial Volcano, a large submarine volcano sitting on the Juan de Fuca spreading ridge, 250 miles off the Oregon coast, is one of the three sites of a major NSF investment in ocean observing. Due to its association with an important and unique hydrothermal vent system and its propensity for erupting on what appears to be a decadal time scale, Axial has also been the site of a 15 year NSF/NOAA time-series study of submarine volcanic activity. Axial is also the first and only site where active volcanic inflation has been documented on the seafloor and used to successfully forecast the timing of the next eruption. During a routine visit to the volcano in July of 2011, it was discovered that Axial had once again erupted and spewed lava flows more than 2 kilometers wide and many kilometers long across the seafloor, causing the floor of the caldera to subside by more than 2 meters. This research supports the collection of geophysical and geodetic measurements on the volcanic edifice to measure the rate at which magma refills the emptied magma chamber inside the volcano. Innovative undersea surveying methods, using a combination of newly established benchmarks and bottom pressure recorders will be used to monitor the long-term vertical deformation of the volcano. Results of this work extend the present time-series and allow us to refine and test models of both the eruption cycle behavior and of submarine volcano shallow magma dynamics and rheology. It will also help to allow us to assess how predictably the volcano behaves over several eruption cycles. Insights from the project will have applications for in both undersea technological advances as well as improving our understanding of the behavior of mid-ocean ridge magmatic systems and undersea volcanic hazards. Broader impacts of the work include the development of new techniques that build infrastructure for science and developing a better understanding of submarine volcanic hazards.

轴向火山是一座大型海底火山，位于距离俄勒冈州海岸250英里的胡安德富卡扩张脊上，是美国国家科学基金会在海洋观测方面进行重大投资的三个地点之一。由于它与一个重要而独特的热液喷口系统有关，而且它的喷发倾向似乎是十年制的，因此Axial也是NSF/NOAA对海底火山活动进行了15年时间序列研究的地点。Axis也是第一个也是唯一一个在海底记录到活跃的火山膨胀并成功预测下一次喷发时间的地点。在2011年7月对该火山的例行访问中，人们发现Axial火山再次喷发，并向海底喷发出2公里多宽、多公里长的熔岩流，导致火山口底部下沉2米多。这项研究支持收集火山建筑物的地球物理和大地测量数据，以测量火山内部清空的岩浆室重新充填岩浆的速度。将使用新建立的基准和海底压力记录器相结合的创新海底测量方法来监测火山的长期垂直形变。这项工作的结果扩展了目前的时间序列，使我们能够完善和测试喷发循环行为以及海底火山浅层岩浆动力学和流变学的模型。它还将有助于我们评估火山在几个喷发周期中的行为有多可预测。该项目的见解将应用于海底技术进步以及提高我们对大洋中脊岩浆系统和海底火山灾害行为的理解。这项工作的更广泛影响包括开发新技术，为科学建设基础设施，以及更好地了解海底火山灾害。