Collaborative Research: Monitoring inflation at Axial Seamount

摘要（Chadwick/Nooner） oce -0725605/0726093知识价值：本研究将使用一种创新的新型压力传感器/基准测试方法，继续测量Juan de Fuca Ridge轴向海山海底的长期火山膨胀。目前的数据显示，轴心火山自1998年喷发以来一直在重新膨胀。从那时起，轴向火山口的中心已经上升了2.4米。按照目前的通货膨胀率，估计再过4-8年，轴将完全膨胀，准备再次爆发。轴向火山是世界上唯一一个可以测量膨胀和收缩的水下火山，可以量化岩浆供应率，可以记录整个火山循环。来自该项目的数据将能够用于限制火山口下岩浆运动的深度，显示岩浆供应率如何随时间变化，并帮助确定是否可以预测喷发。火山的测量将于2009年和2011年在火山口内外的一系列海底基准上进行，使用远程操作的车辆。这些测量是在2007年夏天由美国国家海洋和大气管理局资助的一项调查之后进行的，该调查将每两年提供一次通胀数据，直到2011年。然后将数据与其他火山区域进行比较，并用于优化地壳变形模型。目标将是确定膨胀率是否遵循指数衰减，这种衰减是由向火山口下的浅层储层提供岩浆的深层源之间的压力梯度控制的。它还将试图确定岩浆输送是否集中，供应速度是否更快，是否储存在比正常中洋脊段更深更大的储层中。更广泛的影响：这项工作的更广泛的影响包括对一位早期职业科学家的支持，以及对来自NOAA成功的NeMO网站的公众宣传的支持，该网站为学生、教师和公众提供了与1998年以来轴向火山爆发有关的教育和宣传材料。

ABSTRACT (Chadwick/Nooner)OCE-0725605/0726093Intellectual Merit: This research will continue measurements of long term volcanic inflation of the seafloor at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using an innovative new pressure sensor/benchmarking method. Present data show Axial Volcano has been re-inflating since its 1998 eruption. The center of Axial caldera has been uplifted 2.4 m since then. At the current rate of inflation, it is estimated that in another 4-8 years Axial will be fully inflated and ready to erupt again. Axial volcano is the only underwater volcano in the world where inflation and deflation is being measured, where the magma supply rate can be quantified, and where an entire volcanic cycle can be documented. Data from the project will be able to be used to constrain the depth of magma movements beneath the caldera, show how the magma supply rate changes over time, and help determine whether or not eruptions can be forecast. Measurements of the volcano will be made in 2009 and 2011 at an array of seafloor benchmarks inside and outside the caldera using a remotely operated vehicle. The measurements follow a NOAA funded survey in the summer of 2007 and will provide inflation data every two years until 2011. Data will then be compared to other volcanic regions and used to optimize crustal deformation models. Goals will be to determine whether the inflation rate follows an exponential decay that is governed by the pressure gradient between a deep source that supplies magma to the shallow reservoir beneath the caldera. It will also seek to determine if magma delivery is focused, supplied at a higher rate, and stored in a deeper and larger reservoirs than at normal mid-ocean ridge segments. Broader Impacts: Broader impacts of the work include support of an early career scientist, and support for public outreach from NOAA's successful NeMO web site which features education and outreach material for students, teachers, and the general public that are related to eruptions on Axial Volcano since 1998.