Collaborative Research: Monitoring inflation at Axial Seamount

摘要（Chadwick/Nooner）OCE-0725605/0726093智力成果：这项研究将继续使用创新的新压力传感器/基准方法测量胡安·德富卡海岭轴海隆海底的长期火山膨胀。 目前的数据显示，轴火山自1998年爆发以来一直在重新膨胀。 自那时以来，中轴破火山口中心已抬升2.4m。按照目前的通货膨胀率，估计再过4-8年，轴心国将完全膨胀，并准备再次爆发。轴火山是世界上唯一一座可以测量膨胀和收缩的水下火山，可以量化岩浆供应率，并且可以记录整个火山循环。 该项目的数据将能够用于限制火山口下方岩浆运动的深度，显示岩浆供应率如何随时间变化，并帮助确定是否可以预测喷发。 2009年和2011年将利用遥控潜水器在破火山口内外的一系列海底基准点对火山进行测量。这些测量是在2007年夏天NOAA资助的一项调查之后进行的，并将每两年提供一次通货膨胀数据，直到2011年。然后将把数据与其他火山区进行比较，并用于优化地壳变形模型。 目标将是确定膨胀率是否遵循指数衰减，该指数衰减由供应岩浆的深源与破火山口下方的浅储层之间的压力梯度决定。 它还将试图确定岩浆输送是否集中，以更高的速度供应，并储存在比正常的洋中脊段更深和更大的储层中。更广泛的影响：这项工作的更广泛影响包括支持一位早期职业科学家，以及支持NOAA成功的NeMO网站的公共宣传，该网站为学生、教师和公众提供了与1998年以来Axial火山喷发有关的教育和宣传材料。

ABSTRACT (Chadwick/Nooner)OCE-0725605/0726093Intellectual Merit: This research will continue measurements of long term volcanic inflation of the seafloor at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using an innovative new pressure sensor/benchmarking method. Present data show Axial Volcano has been re-inflating since its 1998 eruption. The center of Axial caldera has been uplifted 2.4 m since then. At the current rate of inflation, it is estimated that in another 4-8 years Axial will be fully inflated and ready to erupt again. Axial volcano is the only underwater volcano in the world where inflation and deflation is being measured, where the magma supply rate can be quantified, and where an entire volcanic cycle can be documented. Data from the project will be able to be used to constrain the depth of magma movements beneath the caldera, show how the magma supply rate changes over time, and help determine whether or not eruptions can be forecast. Measurements of the volcano will be made in 2009 and 2011 at an array of seafloor benchmarks inside and outside the caldera using a remotely operated vehicle. The measurements follow a NOAA funded survey in the summer of 2007 and will provide inflation data every two years until 2011. Data will then be compared to other volcanic regions and used to optimize crustal deformation models. Goals will be to determine whether the inflation rate follows an exponential decay that is governed by the pressure gradient between a deep source that supplies magma to the shallow reservoir beneath the caldera. It will also seek to determine if magma delivery is focused, supplied at a higher rate, and stored in a deeper and larger reservoirs than at normal mid-ocean ridge segments. Broader Impacts: Broader impacts of the work include support of an early career scientist, and support for public outreach from NOAA's successful NeMO web site which features education and outreach material for students, teachers, and the general public that are related to eruptions on Axial Volcano since 1998.