Collaborative Research: Inter-Industry Differences in the Antecedents and Consequences of Industrial Scientists Mobility and Entrepreneurship Decisions

这项研究考察了工业科学家流动性和创业决策的前因和后果的行业间差异。分析了三个问题：1)为什么一些高技术行业的科学家流动性和创业率高于其他高技术行业？2)由于科学人员的流动和创业进入，高技术行业的创新扩散模式是什么？3)行业特征如何与企业和个人属性相互作用，影响产业科学家创建的新企业的就业增长？该项目的核心是补充资产的作用，并假设行业间在其重要性上的差异在解释行业科学家流动性和创业决策的比率和结果的异质性方面发挥了关键作用，从而成为所有三个研究问题的理论基础。一个特别的重点是互补性非人力资产在重要性和可运输性方面的行业间差异，它们如何影响科学家个人的职业决策，以及它们如何影响行业内科学家流动和创业的水平，以及跨越行业边界发生的科学家流动和创业的方向。数据的实证分析侧重于在高科技行业环境中工作的科学家跟踪科学家？创业精神和这些高科技行业内部和之间的流动性。智力优势：与之前大多数研究公司层面和单一行业背景下科学家职业选择的前因和后果的文献不同，本研究通过关注广泛的跨行业背景下的个人层面的决策来研究这些问题。因此，它考察了政策制定者和学者都感兴趣的多个重要差距。特别是，通过在科学家个人分析单位建立知识传播过程的微观基础，有助于系统地了解工业科学家在高技术行业的流动性和创业精神方面的行业间差异。在理解和促进行业更新的背景下，了解行业科学家职业选择的前因和后果中的行业异质性尤为重要，因为科学家可能在新技术的创造和商业化方面发挥关键作用，这些新技术可能在公司、行业和区域层面产生重要的增长效应。广泛影响：该研究向科学和创新政策制定者提供信息，说明哪些行业条件最有利于通过科学人员的创业实现就业增长。此外，它还考察了激励高科技创业的一个潜在关键但迄今未得到充分审查的来源的结果：受雇于重点行业以外的科学家。这一结果还可能为科学家的职业决策提供参考，这些因素可能会促进或阻碍成功的初创企业进入和随后的发展。

This research examines inter-industry differences in the antecedents and consequences of industrial scientists' mobility and entrepreneurship decisions. Three questions are analyzed 1) Why do some high technology industries have higher rates of scientist mobility and entrepreneurship than others? 2) What are the innovation diffusion patterns across high technology industries due to mobility and entrepreneurial entry of scientific personnel? 3) How do industry characteristics interact with firm and individual attributes to impact employment growth of new ventures created by industrial scientists? The project centers on the role of complementary assets and posits that inter-industry differences in their importance play a critical role in explaining industry heterogeneity in the rates and outcomes of industrial scientist mobility and entrepreneurship decisions and thus serve as the theoretical underpinnings for all three research questions. A particular focus is on inter-industry differences in the importance and transportability of complementary non-human assets, how they shape the career decisions of individual scientists, and how they affect both the levels of scientist mobility and entrepreneurship within industries and the direction of scientist mobility and entrepreneurship that occurs across industry boundaries. The empirical analysis of the data focuses on scientists working in high-tech industry settings tracks scientists? entrepreneurship and mobility within and between these high-tech sectors.Intellectual Merit: In contrast to most of the prior literature that studied the antecedents and consequences of the career choices of scientists at the firm level and within a single industry context, this research examines the questions by focusing on individual level decisions in a broad cross-industry setting. This thus examines multiple important gaps that are of interest to both policy makers and academics. In particular, by building the micro-foundations of the knowledge diffusion process at the individual scientist unit of analysis, it helps to build a systematic understanding of inter-industry differences in industrial scientist mobility and entrepreneurship in high tech industries. Understanding industry heterogeneity in the antecedents and consequences of the career choices of industrial scientists is particularly important in the context of understanding and promoting industry renewal as scientists are likely to play a key role in the creation and commercialization of new technologies which can have important growth effects at the firm-, industry-, and regional-level.Broader Impacts: The study informs science and innovation policy makers about what industry conditions are most conducive to employment growth via entrepreneurship by scientific personnel. In addition, it examines the results of incentivizing a potentially crucial but heretofore under-examined source of high tech entrepreneurship: scientists employed outside of the focal industry. The results may also inform scientists' career decisions about industry-level factors that may facilitate or create impediments to successful start-up entry and subsequent growth.