Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: How Identities Affect Preferences

政治学博士论文研究：身份如何影响偏好

• 批准号: 1160104
• 负责人: James Druckman
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1160104&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

The expression of citizens' preferences is a fundamental component of democracy. We know from existing research that preferences are strongly influenced by individuals' identities (i.e., the groups with which they identify). As demographics change, underlying preference distributions may also change, underscoring the importance of the research for academic and policy-making communities. The study's major intellectual merit is to investigate how the presence of multiple identities influences preferences. Because identities are increasingly overlapping at the individual level, Americans are more likely than ever to identify with more than one social and political group. These groups may feature complementary or competing interests. How do citizens reconcile these differences when forming policy preferences? Attachments to multiple identities can create internal conflict when two opposing sides of a debate line up with two of an individual's identities. The project includes three distinct studies that address identity and preferences, each seeking to answer an unresolved question about how individuals reconcile competing identity claims. The first study involves survey analyses of how identity influences engagement among Americans of varying identities. The second and third studies involve experimental designs that vary conditions to measure the influence of competing identities on mobilization and the mitigation of biased decision-making.The project is poised to produce several broad impacts. The insight drawn from this research will inform what we know about individuals with diverse identities and their political engagement. If people with multiple competing identities are engaged with politics, the project will enhance our understanding of political representation. If they are disengaged from politics, the project will identify potential challenges to political participation and representation. The project will provide a deeper understanding of the changing role of identity on political behavior, and lay the foundation for future work in this increasingly important area.

公民表达自己的偏好是民主的一个基本组成部分。我们从现有的研究中知道，偏好受到个人身份的强烈影响（即，他们所认同的群体）。 随着人口结构的变化，潜在的偏好分布也可能发生变化，这突出了研究对学术和决策社区的重要性。 这项研究的主要学术价值是调查多重身份的存在如何影响偏好。 由于身份在个人层面上越来越重叠，美国人比以往任何时候都更有可能认同一个以上的社会和政治群体。这些群体可能具有互补或竞争的利益。公民在形成政策偏好时如何调和这些差异？当辩论的两个对立方与一个人的两个身份站在一起时，对多重身份的认同会造成内部冲突。 该项目包括三个不同的研究，解决身份和偏好，每一个试图回答一个悬而未决的问题，即个人如何协调相互竞争的身份主张。第一项研究涉及身份如何影响不同身份的美国人的参与的调查分析。第二项和第三项研究涉及实验设计，这些实验设计改变了条件，以衡量竞争身份对动员和减轻有偏见的决策的影响。从这项研究中得出的见解将为我们了解具有不同身份的个人及其政治参与提供信息。如果具有多重竞争身份的人参与政治，该项目将增强我们对政治代表性的理解。如果他们脱离政治，该项目将查明政治参与和代表性方面的潜在挑战。该项目将提供一个更深入的了解不断变化的角色的身份对政治行为，并奠定了基础，为未来的工作在这个日益重要的领域。