Collaborative Research: CSBR: Natural History Collections: Georeferencing U.S. Fish Collections: a community-based model to georeferencing natural history collections

合作研究：CSBR：自然历史收藏：美国鱼类收藏地理配准：基于社区的自然历史收藏地理配准模型

• 批准号: 1203382
• 负责人: William Fink
• 金额: $ 14.24万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1203382&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CSBR; Natural; History

An award is made to use computing technology developed in connection with previous NSF support to collaboratively geospatially reference, a.k.a. georeference, (i.e., determine latitude and longitude coordinates for) the estimated two million ungeoreferenced fish species occurrence records currently in the now greatly enhanced and soon to be expanded Fishnet2 network of fish collection databases (http://www.fishnet2.net/). The records will be georeferenced using the Community Georeferencing System of the GEOLocate software platform based at Tulane University (http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/). Each coordinate determination will include a new polygon method for describing uncertainty, which will be compared to the more traditional point-radius-based uncertainties currently in wide use to inform best practices in future georeferencing projects. Experiments in crowd sourcing will also be performed on subset of the georeferenced work at Tulane as an education and outreach activity involving local high school students and Tulane undergraduates. Georeferencing natural history collection data is a critical step in a process of mobilizing biodiversity data that starts with digitizing collection records, continues through databasing and networking, and ultimately gives researchers remote access to the vast specimen and data resources of natural history museums. Having access to georeferenced specimen occurrence data allows researchers to address important scientific and societal questions in areas such as endangered species conservation, environmental restoration, and preparing for global climate change. The resource of georeferenced locality records provided by this project will serve several purposes, beyond its usefulness to the fish collection community. It can be used for georeferencing data for other groups of organisms, especially aquatic organisms, which were likely sampled at many of the same access points (e.g., in rivers near bridge crossings) or at the same time as many of the fish specimens. This project will reult in a compiled gazetteer of all georeferenced localities that is available to other collection digitization projects, including projects in the Advancing Digitization of Biological Collections (ADBC) program. The resource of georeferenced collection localities created through this project will also serve the fish collection and broader natural history collection community as a resource for cleaning taxonomic data, thanks to the map visualization of data it supports. Mapping specimen occurrences makes it easier for taxonomic experts to detect errors in specimen identity and distribution, resulting in more accurate taxonomic and geographic data. The education and outreach activities of this project will specifically target underrepresented minorities from New Orleans area schools in an effort to increase minority participation in natural history collection based research.

该奖项旨在使用与之前 NSF 支持相关的计算技术来进行协作地理空间参考，即地理参考（即确定纬度和经度坐标），目前估计有 200 万条未地理参考的鱼类出现记录，这些记录目前已大大增强且即将扩展 Fishnet2 鱼类收集数据库网络 (http://www.fishnet2.net/)。 这些记录将使用杜兰大学 GEOLocate 软件平台的社区地理配准系统 (http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/) 进行地理配准。每个坐标确定都将包括一种用于描述不确定性的新多边形方法，该方法将与目前广泛使用的更传统的基于点半径的不确定性进行比较，为未来地理配准项目的最佳实践提供信息。众包实验还将在杜兰大学的地理参考工作的子集上进行，作为一项涉及当地高中生和杜兰大学本科生的教育和外展活动。 对自然历史收藏数据进行地理配准是生物多样性数据调动过程中的关键一步，该过程从数字化收藏记录开始，继续通过数据库和网络，最终使研究人员能够远程访问自然历史博物馆的大量标本和数据资源。 通过获取地理参考样本出现数据，研究人员可以解决濒危物种保护、环境恢复和应对全球气候变化等领域的重要科学和社会问题。该项目提供的地理参考地点记录资源除了对鱼类采集界有用之外，还将有多种用途。它可用于其他生物体群体的地理配准数据，特别是水生生物体，这些生物体可能是在许多相同的接入点（例如，在桥梁交叉口附近的河流中）或与许多鱼类标本同时采样的。该项目将生成一份所有地理参考地点的汇编地名录，可供其他馆藏数字化项目使用，包括推进生物馆藏数字化 (ADBC) 计划中的项目。通过该项目创建的地理参考收集地点资源还将作为清理分类数据的资源服务于鱼类收集和更广泛的自然历史收集社区，这要归功于它支持的数据地图可视化。 绘制标本出现情况使分类专家更容易检测标本身份和分布中的错误，从而获得更准确的分类和地理数据。该项目的教育和推广活动将专门针对新奥尔良地区学校中代表性不足的少数群体，以努力增加少数群体对自然历史收藏研究的参与。