Collaborative Research: CSBR: Natural History Collections: Georeferencing U.S. Fish Collections: a community-based model to georeferencing natural history collections

合作研究：CSBR：自然历史收藏：美国鱼类收藏地理配准：基于社区的自然历史收藏地理配准模型

• 批准号: 1441910
• 负责人: Mark Westneat
• 金额: $ 6.21万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-16 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1441910&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CSBR; Natural; History

An award is made to use computing technology developed in connection with previous NSF support to collaboratively geospatially reference, a.k.a. georeference, (i.e., determine latitude and longitude coordinates for) the estimated two million ungeoreferenced fish species occurrence records currently in the now greatly enhanced and soon to be expanded Fishnet2 network of fish collection databases (http://www.fishnet2.net/). The records will be georeferenced using the Community Georeferencing System of the GEOLocate software platform based at Tulane University (http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/). Each coordinate determination will include a new polygon method for describing uncertainty, which will be compared to the more traditional point-radius-based uncertainties currently in wide use to inform best practices in future georeferencing projects. Experiments in crowd sourcing will also be performed on subset of the georeferenced work at Tulane as an education and outreach activity involving local high school students and Tulane undergraduates. Georeferencing natural history collection data is a critical step in a process of mobilizing biodiversity data that starts with digitizing collection records, continues through databasing and networking, and ultimately gives researchers remote access to the vast specimen and data resources of natural history museums. Having access to georeferenced specimen occurrence data allows researchers to address important scientific and societal questions in areas such as endangered species conservation, environmental restoration, and preparing for global climate change. The resource of georeferenced locality records provided by this project will serve several purposes, beyond its usefulness to the fish collection community. It can be used for georeferencing data for other groups of organisms, especially aquatic organisms, which were likely sampled at many of the same access points (e.g., in rivers near bridge crossings) or at the same time as many of the fish specimens. This project will reult in a compiled gazetteer of all georeferenced localities that is available to other collection digitization projects, including projects in the Advancing Digitization of Biological Collections (ADBC) program. The resource of georeferenced collection localities created through this project will also serve the fish collection and broader natural history collection community as a resource for cleaning taxonomic data, thanks to the map visualization of data it supports. Mapping specimen occurrences makes it easier for taxonomic experts to detect errors in specimen identity and distribution, resulting in more accurate taxonomic and geographic data. The education and outreach activities of this project will specifically target underrepresented minorities from New Orleans area schools in an effort to increase minority participation in natural history collection based research.

一项奖励是利用在以前的国家科学基金会支持下开发的计算技术，协同进行地理空间参考，即地理参考（即确定纬度和经度坐标），目前在现已大大增强并即将扩展的Fishnet2鱼类收集数据库网络（http://www.fishnet2.net/）中估计有200万种未进行地理参考的鱼类发生记录。这些记录将使用基于杜兰大学的GEOLocate软件平台的社区地理参考系统（http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/）进行地理参考。每个坐标确定将包括一个新的多边形方法来描述不确定性，这将与目前广泛使用的更传统的基于点半径的不确定性进行比较，以告知未来地理参考项目的最佳实践。群众外包的实验也将在杜兰大学的地理参考工作的子集上进行，作为一项涉及当地高中生和杜兰大学本科生的教育和推广活动。自然历史馆藏数据的地理参考是生物多样性数据动员过程中的关键一步，该过程始于馆藏记录的数字化，通过数据库和网络继续进行，最终使研究人员能够远程访问自然历史博物馆的大量标本和数据资源。获得地理参考标本发生数据使研究人员能够解决诸如濒危物种保护、环境恢复和为全球气候变化做准备等领域的重要科学和社会问题。这项计划所提供的地理参考地点纪录资源，除了对鱼类收集界有用外，还有其他用途。它可用于其他生物群体的地理参考数据，特别是水生生物，这些生物很可能在许多相同的接入点（例如，在桥梁附近的河流中）或与许多鱼类标本同时取样。该项目将产生一份包含所有地理参考地点的汇编地名表，供其他馆藏数字化项目使用，包括推进生物馆藏数字化（ADBC）计划中的项目。通过该项目创建的地理参考收集地点资源也将作为清理分类数据的资源服务于鱼类收集和更广泛的自然历史收集社区，因为它支持数据的地图可视化。绘制标本分布图使分类学专家更容易发现标本身份和分布上的错误，从而获得更准确的分类学和地理数据。该项目的教育和推广活动将特别针对新奥尔良地区学校中代表性不足的少数民族，以努力增加少数民族对自然历史收集研究的参与。