Doctoral Dissertation Research: China's Emerging Slums During Urban Expansion: The Case of Beijing, Henancun, and Recycling

博士论文研究：中国城市扩张过程中的新兴贫民窟：北京、河南村与回收利用案例

• 批准号: 1203632
• 负责人: Guo Chen
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2013-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1203632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; China; Emerging

For two decades from 1992 to the end of 2011, China has maintained economic growth at rates of ten percent or more per year, but very large numbers of China's rural-to-urban migrants face discrimination and exclusion in urban environments in terms of housing, job opportunities, education, and other basic entitlements. The United Nations estimated that more than one-quarter of China's urban population lives in slums, even as government rhetoric and many research reports consistently have denied the existence of large-scale slums in China. Other studies have provided evidence showing that rural migrants remain the most disadvantaged group in China, experiencing socially, economically, politically, and spatially marginalized status. Unlike conditions in many developing countries, China's state land ownership, authoritarian control of squatting, and hukou-related housing injustice have undermined the relatively stable spatial and temporal qualities that characterize most slums and created an obscure, often-hidden geography of the lived experiences of the urban underclass. This doctoral dissertation research project will be based on slum and ethnic enclave studies and will develop a proto-slum framework to understand the reconfiguration of slums in China and the mechanisms whereby migrants sustain their livelihoods and businesses in rapidly urbanizing environments. The doctoral student will consider Henan migrants in Beijing as the project's central case study. Following their first wave of migration to Beijing in the mid-1980s, the rural household registration status, limited means, and discrimination have gradually channeled Henan migrants into the informal recycling business and have led to the formation of various Henan enclaves in Beijing. From the late 1980s to the early 2010s, these enclaves have been subjected to repeated demolition and relocation processes. The student will use mapping and spatial regression modeling based on land use, observations, and questionnaire and interview data to investigate the spatial-temporal geography and the internal dynamics within slum-condition Henan enclaves in Beijing. He will focus special attention on ascertaining the geography of the proto-slums in Beijing and what structural factors account for the spatial and temporal dynamics of migrant communities and their ability to sustain livelihoods in Beijing as well as the strategies disadvantaged groups use to secure their livelihoods and right to the city within socially, politically, and spatially excluded and environmentally threatened communities.This project will draw on an interdisciplinary approach to develop new information and insights into the geography of Chinese slums, which have rarely been studied. It will incorporate literature focusing on slums, enclaves, and migration from developing and developed countries and will use a spatial-temporal framework explain how proto-slums develop and function in the Chinese context. The project will provide practical information on the development of and spatial-environmental challenges faced by slum-condition communities in rapidly expanding cities, and it will help to identify policies addressing urban inequality and injustice in China as well as ways to facilitate integration of migrants into the society. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

从1992年到2011年底的20年里，中国保持了每年10%或更高的经济增长速度，但中国的大量农民工在城市环境中面临着住房、就业机会、教育和其他基本福利方面的歧视和排斥。联合国估计，中国超过四分之一的城市人口生活在贫民窟，尽管政府的言论和许多研究报告一直否认中国存在大规模贫民窟。其他研究提供的证据表明，农村流动人口仍然是中国最弱势的群体，在社会、经济、政治和空间上都处于边缘地位。与许多发展中国家的情况不同，中国的国有土地所有权、对蹲点的专制控制以及与户口相关的住房不公，破坏了大多数贫民窟特有的相对稳定的空间和时间特征，并创造了城市下层阶级生活经历的模糊、往往隐藏的地理位置。这一博士论文研究项目将以贫民窟和民族飞地研究为基础，并将建立一个原始贫民窟框架，以了解中国贫民窟的重新配置，以及移民在快速城市化环境中维持生计和商业的机制。这位博士生将把在北京的河南移民作为该项目的中心案例研究。在20世纪80年代中期第一波移民到北京后，农村户籍身份、有限的手段和歧视逐渐引导河南外来人口进入非正规回收行业，并导致北京各种河南飞地的形成。从1980年代末到2010年代初，这些飞地一再遭到拆除和搬迁。学生将使用基于土地利用、观测以及问卷和访谈数据的制图和空间回归模型来调查北京贫民窟条件下的河南飞地的时空地理和内部动态。他将特别关注确定北京原始贫民窟的地理位置，什么结构因素解释了流动社区的空间和时间动态及其维持北京生计的能力，以及弱势群体在社会、政治和空间上受到排斥和环境威胁的社区中用来确保他们的生计和城市权利的策略。这个项目将利用跨学科的方法来开发新的信息和洞察中国贫民窟的地理，这些很少被研究。它将纳入关注贫民窟、飞地和来自发展中国家和发达国家的移民的文献，并将使用时空框架解释原始贫民窟如何在中国背景下发展和发挥作用。该项目将提供关于快速扩展城市中贫民窟条件社区的发展和面临的空间环境挑战的实用信息，它将有助于确定中国解决城市不平等和不公正问题的政策以及促进移民融入社会的方法。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立研究生涯。