Advanced Study Institute on Global Healthcare Grand Challenges and Opportunities, July 15 - 30, 2012, Antalya, Turkey

【摘要】在美国科学促进会的年会上，美国国家工程院公布了工程领域面临的14大挑战。委员会还称赞生物医学和生物工程是实现个性化医疗承诺的研究领域。这14项挑战包括对大脑进行逆向工程、设计更好的药物和推进健康信息学。利用这些信息的一个重要途径是开发方法，使医生能够预测潜在治疗或治愈的益处和副作用。大脑的“逆向工程”是一门新兴学科，它帮助我们了解大脑是如何工作的，并治疗几种疾病。它进一步帮助我们开发计算机化的人工智能。反过来，先进的计算机智能应该能够实现自动诊断和治疗处方。计算机化的健康信息目录将增强医疗系统追踪疾病传播的能力，并分析不同预防和治疗方法的比较效果。最后，设计新药将帮助我们对抗来自新型致病因子的威胁。例如，某些致命的细菌不断进化出新的特性，甚至对最强大的抗生素也产生了抗药性。新病毒的出现具有致命的威力，其传播速度比疾病预防系统的设计要快得多。智力优势：全球医疗保健高级暑期学院——挑战与机遇的主要目标是突出和讨论这些新兴的重大挑战，主要集中在科学、工程、技术和医学领域的最新进展。该研究所提供了一个独特的环境来讨论新兴的研究领域，挑战和机遇，这导致了非常富有成效的讨论。更广泛的影响：它使具有生物学和医学背景的与会者了解这些新兴使能技术的最新发展。它也有助于那些有工程和科学背景的人，他们对生物科学和纳米医学、神经科学和工程研究感兴趣，因为先进的研究所提供了对生物学和医学基本挑战的独特见解。

Abstract1208143, AkayThe National Academy of Engineering announced the 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The committee also praised biomedical and biological engineering as the research field to fulfill the promise of personalized medicine. Included among these 14 challenges were Reverse-Engineering the Brain, Engineer better Medicines and Advance Health Informatics. An important way of exploiting such information would be through the development of methods that allow doctors to forecast the benefits and side effects of potential treatments or cures. "Reverse-Engineering" the Brain, is an emerging discipline that helps us to understand how the brain works and treats several diseases. It furthermore helps us to develop computerized artificial intelligence. Advanced computer intelligence, in turn, should enable automated diagnosis and prescriptions for treatment. Computerized catalogs of health information will enhance the medical system's ability to track the spread of disease and analyze the comparative effectiveness of different approaches to prevention and therapy. Finally, engineering new medicines will help us fight the growing danger of attacks from novel disease-causing agents. For instance, certain deadly bacteria have repeatedly evolved new properties, conferring resistance against even the most powerful antibiotics. New viruses arise with the power to kill and spread more rapidly than disease-prevention systems are designed to counteract.Intellectual Merits: The main objective of the Advanced Summer Institute on Global Healthcare-- Challenges and Opportunities is to highlight and discuss these emerging grand challenges, mainly focused on the latest advances in the areas of science, engineering, technology and medicine. The institute provides a unique environment to discuss the emerging research areas, challenges and opportunities which lead to very fruitful discussions.Broader Impacts: It exposes the attendees with biology and medicine backgrounds to the latest developments in these emerging enabling technologies. It is also helpful to those with engineering and science background who are interested in doing research in bionanoscience and nanomedicine, neuroscience and engineering since the advanced institute provides exceptional insights into the fundamental challenges in biology and medicine.