Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Classic Maya Human-Animal Interactions

博士论文改进补助金：经典玛雅人与动物的互动

• 批准号: 1208892
• 负责人: David Freidel
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1208892&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Classic

Under the direction of Dr. David Freidel, Diana Fridberg will analyze remains and depictions of animals excavated since 2003 at the Classic Period (ca. 200-750 CE) sites of El Perú-Waka and La Corona, Guatemala. The sites of El Peru and La Corona are located in Laguna del Tigre National Park, a protected jungle enclave in northwestern Petén, Guatemala. Although these ancient cities were politically important during the Maya Classic Period (ca. 200-750 CE), research has not yet addressed how inhabitants utilized the surrounding environment. Ms. Fridberg's research will address the ways in which humans interacted with and made use of tropical forest fauna in activities related to both daily living and ceremonial pursuits. The research is innovative in combining data from multiple sources since both actual faunal remains as well as iconographic images will be combined within a single analytic framework. This will provide a model for similar approaches to sites from multiple time periods and multiple regions of the world.Human-animal relations underpin many aspects of food consumption, craft production, and the development of cultural and religious practices. They are understood to vary in time and space, but little is known about this variation in the vast Maya region. Knowledge of the ways in which human populations have managed and utilized the natural environment, including animals, is essential for understanding the success or failure of these strategies. This study will utilize material that has been excavated from El Perú and La Corona but for which specialized analysis has not previously been available. Skeletal analysis of animal remains will be performed to determine taxonomic identity of represented fauna. The abundance and diversity of animals represented in ceremonial and mundane contexts such as palaces, temples, tombs, and residential areas will be used to assess the nature of animal use. Depictions of animals in art and architecture will also be analyzed. Considering the ways in which people both used physical animals and represented the natural world artistically has been fruitful for untangling how ancient populations elsewhere in the world thought about and interacted with their environments. This project involves collaboration with between American and Guatemalan archaeologists and universities. The results of this research will be presented in conferences and peer-reviewed journals in the United States and Guatemala. The specimen collection portion of this research will aid the biology departments at the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in augmenting sparse faunal collections used for teaching and research. In addition, public outreach efforts will involve the production of accessible and publically available media to aid in the dissemination of knowledge about both ancient culture and modern wildlife. This will include Internet publication of datasets and the creation of English and Spanish language brochures on ancient uses and modern conservation status of animals in Laguna del Tigre. Although a protected zone, the Park and its endangered habitats are threatened by the encroachment of settlement. The presence of ongoing research camps, such as those of the El Perú and La Corona archaeological projects, slows encroachment while gathering data on threatened natural and cultural resources.

在David Freidel博士的指导下，Diana Fridberg将分析自2003年以来在El Perú-Waka和危地马拉La Corona的古典时期（约公元200-750年）遗址发掘的动物遗骸和描绘。El Peru和La Corona的遗址位于拉古纳德尔老虎国家公园，这是危地马拉佩特海姆西北部的一个受保护的丛林飞地。尽管这些古代城市在玛雅古典时期（约公元200-750年）具有重要的政治意义，但研究尚未涉及居民如何利用周围环境。弗里德伯格女士的研究将探讨人类在日常生活和仪式活动中与热带森林动物互动和利用的方式。这项研究在结合多个来源的数据方面是创新的，因为实际的动物遗骸和图像图像将在一个单一的分析框架内结合起来。这将为对世界上多个时期和多个地区的遗址采取类似方法提供一个模型。人与动物的关系是食品消费、工艺生产、文化和宗教习俗发展的许多方面的基础。据了解，它们在时间和空间上有所不同，但在广阔的玛雅地区，人们对这种变化知之甚少。了解人类管理和利用包括动物在内的自然环境的方式，对于了解这些战略的成败至关重要。这项研究将利用从El Perú和La Corona挖掘出来的材料，但之前没有专门的分析。将对动物遗骸进行骨骼分析，以确定所代表动物群的分类身份。在仪式和世俗环境中，如宫殿、寺庙、坟墓和住宅区，所代表的动物的丰富性和多样性将被用来评估动物使用的性质。对艺术和建筑中动物的描绘也将进行分析。考虑到人们使用实体动物和艺术地表现自然世界的方式，对于解开世界其他地方的古代人口如何思考和与环境互动的问题是富有成效的。该项目涉及美国和危地马拉考古学家以及大学之间的合作。这项研究的结果将在美国和危地马拉的会议和同行评议期刊上发表。本研究的标本收集部分将帮助危地马拉山谷大学和危地马拉圣卡洛斯大学的生物系增加用于教学和研究的稀少的动物标本。此外，公共宣传工作将包括制作易于获取和向公众提供的媒体，以帮助传播有关古代文化和现代野生动物的知识。这将包括在互联网上发布数据集，并编写英语和西班牙语小册子，介绍拉古纳del Tigre动物的古代用途和现代保护状况。虽然是保护区，但公园及其濒临灭绝的栖息地受到人类定居的威胁。正在进行的研究营地的存在，如El Perú和La Corona考古项目的营地，在收集受威胁的自然和文化资源的数据时，减缓了入侵。