DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Surmounting the Bottleneck: Using Population Genomics to Study the Process of Formation and Establishment in Autotetraploids

论文研究：克服瓶颈：利用群体基因组学研究同源四倍体的形成和建立过程

• 批准号: 1210308
• 负责人: Kirsten Bomblies
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1210308&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Surmounting; Bottleneck; Using

Genome duplication, which creates individuals with twice the genetic content, is a common phenomenon in the plant kingdom and an important contributor to the diversity of life. Though it has been increasingly recognized as important, little is known about the evolutionary processes that generate duplicated genomes and result in new species. To enhance our understanding of this process, the PIs study the plant Arabidopsis arenosa, a species that has two types of populations. One type has duplicated genomes (tetraploids) and the other type has the typical ancestral genome size (diploids). The PIs are currently collecting DNA sequence data from many tetraploid populations to learn about their evolutionary history, but having these same data from the diploid progenitor is crucial for understanding the context in which the tetraploids arose. DDIG funds will be used to collect more individuals that have duplicated genomes so that comparisons between the type types of populations can provide insight into speciation.This project will not only elucidate the biological processes that give rise to evolutionary novelty but will also train aspiring scientists who will travel to eastern Europe to collect plants and extract their DNA back in the US. The results will be presented to the scientific community and general public to increase awareness of this important evolutionary process. High school students will also benefit through an online organization called Planting Science that allows researchers to mentor young, aspiring students.

基因组复制是植物界的一种常见现象，是生命多样性的重要贡献者。虽然它越来越被认为是重要的，但人们对产生重复基因组并导致新物种的进化过程知之甚少。为了加强我们对这一过程的理解，PI研究了植物Arabidopsis arenosa，一种具有两种类型种群的物种。一种类型具有重复的基因组（四倍体），另一种类型具有典型的祖先基因组大小（二倍体）。PI目前正在从许多四倍体种群中收集DNA序列数据，以了解它们的进化历史，但是从二倍体祖先中获得这些相同的数据对于理解四倍体出现的背景至关重要。DDIG的资金将用于收集更多具有重复基因组的个体，以便在种群类型之间进行比较，从而深入了解物种形成。该项目不仅将阐明引起进化新奇性的生物过程，还将培训有抱负的科学家，他们将前往东欧收集植物并在美国提取其DNA。研究结果将提交给科学界和公众，以提高对这一重要进化过程的认识。高中生也将受益于一个名为种植科学的在线组织，该组织允许研究人员指导年轻、有抱负的学生。