International Collaboration in Chemistry: Chemical Nature and Origins of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Aerosol

国际化学合作：大气棕碳气溶胶的化学性质和起源

• 批准号: 1214163
• 负责人: Judith Chow
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1214163&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Collaboration; Chemistry; Chemical; Nature

The Environmental Chemical Sciences Program in the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation supports the research Professors Judith C. Chow, Lung-Wen Anton Chen and Douglas H Lowenthal who submitted an International Collaboration in Chemistry (ICC) proposal. They seek to better understand the chemical nature of brown carbon (BrC) and address the hypotheses regarding BrC sources through an international collaboration between U.S. and German researchers. Brown carbon is a special class of light-absorbing organic matter in atmospheric aerosols that has direct and indirect effects on the Earth's radiation balance. BrC is believed to derive from the oxidation and/or oligomerization of organic compounds in biomass burning plumes and photochemically-formed secondary organic aerosol. This project improves understanding of the BrC's chemical nature and its sources by perfecting and applying a new measurement method. This method combines thermal/optical characterization of source and ambient aerosol samples with mass spectroscopic detection of the evolved gases using soft and hard ionization methods. A thermal/optical carbon analyzer developed at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) is enhanced for multi-elemental and spectral detection with photo-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MS) developed at the University of Rostock (UR) in Germany. BrC and black carbon (BC) can then be quantified from spectral light absorption measurements and studied with molecular patterns/source signatures in gases evolved at different temperatures. The relationship of BrC to organic groups, particularly carboxyls observed in higher temperature fractions (likely originating from high-MW polycarboxylic acids), will be investigated. A library consisting of two-dimensional MS-thermograms for major aerosol types, including laboratory-generated model aerosols, real-world fresh and aged source emissions, and source mixtures from urban and non-urban environments will be established. This library will facilitate source attribution when coupled with advanced chemometric analyses. The derived profiles can be applied to global emission inventories that currently contain only a BC component for modeling the global radiation balance.Broader impacts of this study include: 1) increasing academic exchanges between U.S. and German universities; 2) training doctoral candidates in both countries to enhance the environmental workforce; 3) research experiences for environmental science instructors from Nevada high schools and community colleges; and 4) improving the ability to better model effects of BC and BrC as short-term climate forcers by improving their regional and global emission estimates.

美国国家科学基金会化学部的环境化学科学项目支持这项研究。Chow，Lung-Wen Anton Chen和道格拉斯H Lowenthal提交了国际化学合作（ICC）提案。他们寻求更好地了解棕色碳（BrC）的化学性质，并通过美国和德国研究人员之间的国际合作解决有关BrC来源的假设。棕碳是大气气溶胶中一类特殊的吸光有机物，对地球的辐射平衡有直接和间接的影响。据信，BrC来源于生物质燃烧羽流和光化学形成的二次有机气溶胶中的有机化合物的氧化和/或低聚。该项目通过完善和应用一种新的测量方法，提高了对BrC化学性质及其来源的认识。该方法结合了源和环境气溶胶样品的热/光特性与使用软电离和硬电离方法的逸出气体的质谱检测。沙漠研究所（DRI）开发的热/光碳分析仪与德国的罗斯托克大学（UR）开发的光电离飞行时间质谱仪（TOF-MS）一起增强了多元素和光谱检测。BrC和黑碳（BC），然后可以量化光谱光吸收测量和研究的分子模式/源签名的气体在不同的温度下演变。将研究BrC与有机基团的关系，特别是在较高温度馏分中观察到的羧基（可能源自高分子量多元羧酸）。将建立一个由主要气溶胶类型的二维MS-热谱图组成的库，包括实验室生成的模型气溶胶、真实世界的新鲜和老化源排放以及来自城市和非城市环境的源混合物。该库将有助于源属性时，再加上先进的化学计量学分析。本研究的广泛影响包括：1）加强美国和德国大学之间的学术交流; 2）培养两国的博士生，以提高两国的环境工作者队伍; 3）加强美国和德国之间的学术交流。3）内华达州高中和社区大学环境科学教师的研究经验;（4）通过改进BC和BrC的区域和全球排放量估算，提高其作为短期气候强迫因子的更好模型效应的能力。