NEESR-SG: TSUNAMOS: A Validated, Multi-Scale Tsunami Model for Hybrid Numerical-Experimental Simulation

该项目的目标是开发足够的科学知识和适当的工程工具，以此为基础制定全面的海啸减灾计划，并将这些信息有效地传达给决策者、应急规划界和公众。研究计划的详细目标是：(1)通过使用NEES设施进行一系列广泛的物理实验，提高我们对近岸三维海啸演变的理解；(2)创建一个可扩展的框架，为用实验和现场数据验证计算模型提供一个系统的结构；(3)完善建模能力，并将各种组件耦合在一起，创建一个多尺度仿真工具；(4)制定可持续的教育和推广计划，对公众进行有关海啸和适当应对措施的教育。俄勒冈州NEES项目提供的物理实验设备使模拟海啸研究人员最棘手的行为成为可能。现有的数值模型将通过定向实验工作得到增强，具体目的是填补我们目前对海啸行为的理解中的关键空白。将研究海啸波的近岸演化，例如三维突破聚焦和测深，以及不规则和粗糙地形的陆地流动。在进行实验工作的同时，将开发一个全面的海啸模拟器TSUNAMOS。海啸流体动力学的数值模拟将采用多尺度混合建模方法。该模拟器将由许多具有不同应用限制的不同数值模型组成，这些模型连接在一起，以便可以进行全尺寸预测，其总体精度相当于最先进的3D湍流模型。一个已建立的地震工程软件框架OpenSees将用于海啸模拟器，它将是透明的和开源的，以促进广泛采用。TSUNAMOS将用于指导实验海滩设计和输入波浪条件，并将与印度洋和巴布亚新几内亚海啸的全尺寸模拟相结合，作为混合数值-实验模拟的例子。TSUNAMOS将通过共享的NEES模拟存储库提供。为了有效减少海啸造成的生命和财产损失，处于危险中的人口需要了解危害和相关风险，并做好应对海啸的准备。在这里，来自波多黎各马亚圭斯大学（一个西班牙裔服务机构）和夏威夷大学的研究人员将开发广泛的教育、推广和培训（EOT）项目。努力的重点将是提高K-12学生、应急管理人员和决策者的海啸意识。夏威夷和波多黎各多年来一直在实施EOT计划，但通过这个项目，许多现有的材料将被更新，放在网上，新的资源将被创建。虽然夏威夷和波多黎各都有海啸EOT的历史，但这将是他们第一次有一个系统交流EOT经验的平台。实验结果将被纳入EOT的工作，以加强海啸的破坏性力量。拟议的EOT计划与NEESinc提出的战略密切一致，包括让代表性不足的群体大量参与工程，一个将NEES研究与外联和培训结合起来的讲习班计划，以及一个将开发的工具转化为实践的快速机制。

Abstract The goals of this project focus on developing sufficient scientific knowledge and appropriate engineering tools on which to base comprehensive tsunami mitigation plans and communicate this information effectively to decision makers, the emergency planning community and the public. The detailed objectives of the research program are (1) Improve our understanding of nearshore, three-dimensional tsunami evolution through an extensive set of physical experiments using NEES facilities; (2) Create an extensible framework to provide a systematic structure for validating computational models with experimental and field data; (3) Refine modeling capabilities and couple the various components together to create a multi-scale simulation tool; (4) Develop a sustainable education and outreach program that educates the general public about tsunamis and appropriate responses to them.The facilities for physical experimentation provided by the NEES program at Oregon State make it possible to model the behaviors that have been most problematical for tsunami researchers. Existing numerical models will be augmented through directed experimental work specifically intended to fill key gaps in our current understanding of tsunami behavior. Nearshore evolution of tsunami waves, such as 3D breaking through focusing and bathymetry, and overland flow across irregular and rough topographies, will be investigated. Concurrent to the experimental effort, a comprehensive tsunami simulator, TSUNAMOS, will be developed. The numerical modeling of tsunami hydrodynamics will utilize a multiple-scale, hybrid modeling methodology. This simulator will be composed of a number of different numerical models with different application limitations, interfaced together such that full scale prediction can be undertaken with overall accuracy equivalent to the state-of-the-art 3D, turbulent models. An established earthquake engineering software framework, OpenSees, will be adapted for the tsunami simulator, which will be made transparent and open-source to facilitate widespread adoption. TSUNAMOS will be used to guide the experimental beach design and input wave conditions, and will be coupled with full scale simulations from the Indian Ocean and Papua New Guinea tsunamis as an example of hybrid numerical-experimental simulation. TSUNAMOS will be made available through the shared NEES simulation repository.To effectively reduce the loss of life and property due to tsunamis, the population at risk needs to be aware of the hazard and associated risk and be prepared to respond in case of a tsunami. Here, researchers from the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, a Hispanic serving institution, and from the University at Hawaii will develop extensive Education, Outreach, and Training (EOT) programs. Efforts will be focused on developing greater tsunami awareness on K-12 students, emergency managers and decision makers. Both Hawaii and Puerto Rico have been carrying out EOT initiatives for many years, but through this project many of the existing materials will be updated, placed on line and new resources will be created. Although both Hawaii and Puerto Rico have a history of tsunami EOT, this will be the first time that they will have a platform for the systematic exchange of the EOT experiences. The results of the experiments will be incorporated to the EOT efforts to reinforce the destructive forces of tsunamis. The proposed EOT plan is closely aligned with the strategies put forth by NEESinc, including significant involvement of underrepresented groups in engineering, a workshop plan which integrates NEES research with outreach and training, and a rapid mechanism to transfer the tools developed into practice.