Settlement pattern dynamics and the evolution of social complexity on the northern Northwest Coast

西北海岸北部聚落格局动态与社会复杂性演变

• 批准号: 1216847
• 负责人: Kenneth Ames
• 金额: $ 17.97万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1216847&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Settlement; pattern; dynamics; evolution; social

With NSF support, Drs. Kenneth M. Ames, Andrew Martindale, and Kevan Edinborough will use recently perfected field and mapping methods to investigate the history of social complexity on the northern Northwest Coast (NWC) of North America. The social complexity in this region was comparable to that which scholars traditionally thought could only be achieved with agriculture; yet the people of this region were hunter-fisher-gatherers (HFG), a case study that can reveal the underlying causes of this universal aspect of human historyThis research focuses on the Coast Tsimshian and on the archaeological record of Prince Rupert Harbor (PRH), British Columbia, a major global case study for HFG complexity. At European Contact, PRH contained a dense aggregation of villages, archaeologically visible as an extraordinary concentration of massive shell middens. The harbor's 277 recorded sites includes 96 shell middens of which 61 are documented villages, 18 of which are major villages (more than 10,000 m2 ) in a area of 30 km2. Key open questions are the timing of initial occupation of the harbor; the evolution of settlement patterns including when the historic village aggregation developed; and the timing of the development of permanent inequality. The project will build a large data set of radiocarbon dates in PRH using field techniques honed over the past 20 years for investigating large shell sites in geologically complex coastal environments. A database of archaeological and paleoenvironmental radiocarbon dates for the northern NWC will also be compiled. The results will increase the precision with which organic samples from marine environments are converted to calendar dates (essential to constructing histories); test current models of the evolution of social and political complexity; build a chronology for the massive shell middens within the harbor, and date the formation of the historic village aggregation in the harbor, hence testing the adawx accounts. This work will produce the best-supported local marine radiocarbon correction on the west coast of North America improving global understanding of this issue with a well dated coastal settlement history that potentially covers the last 12,000 years; better evidence with which to date the appearance of permanent inequality on the NWC, a model of population dynamics for the northern coast based on a large, controlled sample of radiocarbon dates and a tested methodology for investigating enormous shell middens, which will be of broad archaeological interest. The active use and testing of Coast Tsimshian data will provide a tested model for incorporating oral traditions into archaeological research, addressing a major issue for Native peoples.The project builds on a long tradition of international research projects in PRH and of deep involvement of Coast Tsimshian people in such research. The project is funded by NSF and the Social Science and Research Council of Canada, drawing researchers from the United States, Canada and Great Britain. Coast Tsimshian involvement includes work in field and lab research as well as formal consultation, discussions with elders and active sharing of the results with them.

在NSF的支持下，Kenneth M.艾姆斯、安德鲁·马丁代尔和凯万·萨伯伯勒将使用最近完善的实地和绘图方法来调查北美北方西北海岸（NWC）社会复杂性的历史。这一地区的社会复杂程度，可以与学者们传统上认为只有农业才能实现的社会复杂程度相媲美;然而，这个地区的人是狩猎-捕鱼-采集者（HFG），一个案例研究可以揭示人类历史这一普遍方面的潜在原因。本研究主要集中在海岸Tsimshian和不列颠哥伦比亚省的鲁珀特王子港（PRH）的考古记录，这是HFG复杂性的全球主要案例研究。在欧洲接触，公屋包含了密集的村庄聚集，考古学上可以看到巨大的贝壳贝冢的非凡集中。港口的277个记录站点包括96个贝冢，其中61个是有记录的村庄，其中18个是面积30平方公里的主要村庄（超过10，000平方米）。关键的开放问题是港口的初始占领的时间，包括历史性的村庄聚集发展的时间和发展的永久不平等的定居模式的演变。该项目将利用过去20年在地质复杂的沿海环境中调查大型贝壳遗址的实地技术，建立一个大型的公屋放射性碳年代数据集。还将编制一个北方西北大西洋委员会考古和古环境放射性碳年代数据库。这些结果将提高海洋环境中的有机样本转换为日历日期的精度（对构建历史至关重要）;测试当前社会和政治复杂性演变的模型;为港口内的大量贝壳垃圾建立年表，并确定港口历史村庄聚集的形成日期，从而测试adawx账户。 这项工作将在北美西海岸产生最有依据的地方海洋放射性碳校正，通过可能涵盖过去12 000年的历史悠久的沿海定居历史，提高全球对这一问题的认识;更好的证据，以日期出现永久不平等的NWC，人口动态模型的北方海岸的基础上，放射性碳年代测定的受控样品和调查巨大贝冢的测试方法，这将具有广泛的考古学意义。透过积极使用和测试津仙海岸的数据，将提供一个经过测试的模式，把口述传统纳入考古研究，解决原住民的一个主要问题。该项目建立在国际研究项目在公屋的长期传统和津仙海岸居民对此类研究的深入参与之上。该项目由国家科学基金会和加拿大社会科学和研究理事会资助，吸引了来自美国、加拿大和英国的研究人员。津仙海岸的参与包括实地和实验室研究工作，以及正式咨询，与长者讨论和积极与他们分享结果。