Settlement pattern dynamics and the evolution of social complexity on the northern Northwest Coast

西北海岸北部聚落格局动态与社会复杂性演变

• 批准号: 1216847
• 负责人: Kenneth Ames
• 金额: $ 17.97万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1216847&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Settlement; pattern; dynamics; evolution; social

With NSF support, Drs. Kenneth M. Ames, Andrew Martindale, and Kevan Edinborough will use recently perfected field and mapping methods to investigate the history of social complexity on the northern Northwest Coast (NWC) of North America. The social complexity in this region was comparable to that which scholars traditionally thought could only be achieved with agriculture; yet the people of this region were hunter-fisher-gatherers (HFG), a case study that can reveal the underlying causes of this universal aspect of human historyThis research focuses on the Coast Tsimshian and on the archaeological record of Prince Rupert Harbor (PRH), British Columbia, a major global case study for HFG complexity. At European Contact, PRH contained a dense aggregation of villages, archaeologically visible as an extraordinary concentration of massive shell middens. The harbor's 277 recorded sites includes 96 shell middens of which 61 are documented villages, 18 of which are major villages (more than 10,000 m2 ) in a area of 30 km2. Key open questions are the timing of initial occupation of the harbor; the evolution of settlement patterns including when the historic village aggregation developed; and the timing of the development of permanent inequality. The project will build a large data set of radiocarbon dates in PRH using field techniques honed over the past 20 years for investigating large shell sites in geologically complex coastal environments. A database of archaeological and paleoenvironmental radiocarbon dates for the northern NWC will also be compiled. The results will increase the precision with which organic samples from marine environments are converted to calendar dates (essential to constructing histories); test current models of the evolution of social and political complexity; build a chronology for the massive shell middens within the harbor, and date the formation of the historic village aggregation in the harbor, hence testing the adawx accounts. This work will produce the best-supported local marine radiocarbon correction on the west coast of North America improving global understanding of this issue with a well dated coastal settlement history that potentially covers the last 12,000 years; better evidence with which to date the appearance of permanent inequality on the NWC, a model of population dynamics for the northern coast based on a large, controlled sample of radiocarbon dates and a tested methodology for investigating enormous shell middens, which will be of broad archaeological interest. The active use and testing of Coast Tsimshian data will provide a tested model for incorporating oral traditions into archaeological research, addressing a major issue for Native peoples.The project builds on a long tradition of international research projects in PRH and of deep involvement of Coast Tsimshian people in such research. The project is funded by NSF and the Social Science and Research Council of Canada, drawing researchers from the United States, Canada and Great Britain. Coast Tsimshian involvement includes work in field and lab research as well as formal consultation, discussions with elders and active sharing of the results with them.

在NSF支持的情况下，Drs。肯尼斯·M·埃姆斯（Kenneth M.该地区的社会复杂性与传统上认为只有农业才能实现的学者所认为的复杂性。然而，该地区的人民是猎人 - 菲什勒采集者（HFG），该案例研究可以揭示人类历史上这一普遍方面的根本原因，这重点介绍了沿海地区的海岸以及鲁珀特港亲王港（PRH）的考古记录，英国哥伦比亚，英国哥伦比亚，这是HFG复杂性的主要全球案例研究。在欧洲的接触中，PRH包含村庄的密集聚集，在考古学上可以看作是巨大的大型壳中部的浓度。该港口的277个录制地点包括96个炮弹中间，其中有61个有记录的村庄，其中18个是主要村庄（超过10,000平方米），在30 km2的区域中。关键的开放问题是港口初次占领的时间；定居模式的演变，包括历史悠久的村庄聚集；以及永久不平等发展的时机。该项目将使用过去20年来磨练的现场技术在PRH中构建大量数据集，用于研究地质复杂的沿海环境中的大型壳牌。 NWC北部的考古和古环境放射性日期的数据库也将进行编译。结果将提高从海洋环境中转换为日历日期的有机样品的精度（对于构建历史至关重要）；测试社会和政治复杂性演变的当前模型；为港口内的大型外壳中部建立年表，并与港口历史悠久的村庄聚集的形成日期，从而测试Adawx帐户。 这项工作将在北美西海岸提供最佳支持的当地海洋放射性碳矫正，从而利用过时的沿海定居历史来改善对这一问题的理解，该历史有可能涵盖过去12，000年。最好的证据是NWC上永久不平等现象的出现，NWC是北部海岸的人口动态模型，基于一个大型，受控的放射性碳日期样本和用于研究巨大壳中部的测试方法，这将具有广泛的考古兴趣。沿海数据的积极使用和测试将提供一个经过测试的模型，将口头传统纳入考古研究，解决了本土人民的主要问题。该项目建立在PRH国际研究项目的悠久传统以及对海岸Tsimshian人民深入参与的研究中。该项目由NSF和加拿大社会科学与研究委员会资助，吸引了美国，加拿大和英国的研究人员。海岸Tsimshian的参与包括领域和实验室研究的工作以及正式咨询，与长者进行讨论以及与他们的结果积极分享。