Collaborative Research: MSB: Microbial control of litter decay at the cellulose-lignin interface

合作研究：MSB：纤维素-木质素界面凋落物腐烂的微生物控制

• 批准号: 1219283
• 负责人: Andrew Grandy
• 金额: $ 10.44万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1219283&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; MSB; Microbial; control

The key scientific significance of this work is the integration of microbial community and chemical interactions during the long-term degradation and stabilization of plant litter because there has not yet been a working synthesis of this knowledge expressed in a comprehensive quantitative framework. Plant litter decomposition is the main control on soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration. There is growing interest in understanding the conditions under which soils gain or lose C, in part, because soils contain more C than the atmosphere and could play either a moderating or exacerbating role in global warming. An integrated field, laboratory, and modeling study of the biochemical mechanisms driving interactions between soil C sequestration, plant litter chemistry, and microbial community composition and activity during decomposition is needed to define these relationships. Moorhead and Sinsabaugh (2006) developed a new model that incorporates microbial dynamics into the decomposition process, the Guild Decomposition Model (GDM), which has generated a series of specific hypotheses about the mechanisms controlling the interactions between plant litter chemistry, C stabilization and microbial community composition and activity during decomposition. The proposed research will evaluate these hypotheses experimentally by monitoring changes in plant litter chemistry and microbial community composition and function during decomposition, with and without added N to mimic N deposition. Stable C isotope (13C) labeling will further determine the community composition of active microorganisms capable of metabolizing specific chemical components of plant litter. This research will provide mechanistic insight into the impacts on plant litter decomposition and soil C sequestration from N deposition, elevated CO2, plant community composition shifts, and climate change. An integrated education and outreach program will complement this research, assisted by the University of Toledo's Center for Creative Instruction (CCI). For this project, the CCI will develop an online interactive Model Of Leaf Decomposition (iMold) to provide educational outreach about decomposition for grades 5-12. Visitors will be able to visualize the progress of the decomposition of litter as a whole, or different individual litter chemical constituents, along a time line to see how time, litter type, and environment relate to how quickly or slowly something decays. Teachers and students will be able to network between researchers and classrooms at other schools, enabling them to share data, ask questions, and collaborate on experiments. A communication center will be created so that the researchers and classrooms can share ideas and results, as well as ask questions in a blog-like environment. Additionally, this project will provide training for several undergraduate and graduate students. University of Toledo and Kent State University serve significant populations of underrepresented groups in science, and they will be recruited to this project.

这项工作的关键科学意义是微生物群落和化学相互作用的整合在长期降解和稳定的植物凋落物，因为还没有一个工作的综合这方面的知识表示在一个全面的定量框架。 植物凋落物分解是土壤肥力和固碳的主要控制因素。人们对了解土壤获得或损失碳的条件越来越感兴趣，部分原因是土壤中的碳含量比大气中的碳含量更多，并且可能在全球变暖中发挥缓和或加剧的作用。一个综合的领域，实验室和模拟研究的生化机制驱动土壤固碳，植物凋落物化学，微生物群落组成和分解过程中的活动之间的相互作用是必要的，以确定这些关系。Moorhead和Sinsabaugh（2006）开发了一种新的模型，将微生物动力学纳入分解过程，即Guild分解模型（GDM），该模型产生了一系列关于控制分解过程中植物凋落物化学，C稳定和微生物群落组成和活性之间相互作用的机制的具体假设。拟议的研究将通过监测分解过程中植物凋落物化学和微生物群落组成和功能的变化来评估这些假设，有和没有添加N来模拟N沉积。稳定碳同位素（13 C）标记将进一步确定能够代谢植物凋落物中特定化学成分的活性微生物的群落组成。这项研究将提供机制洞察植物凋落物分解和土壤固碳氮沉降，CO2浓度升高，植物群落组成的变化，和气候变化的影响。一个综合的教育和推广计划将补充这项研究，由托莱多大学的创造性教学中心（CCI）的协助。对于这个项目，CCI将开发一个在线交互式树叶分解模型（iMold），为5-12年级的学生提供关于分解的教育推广。 参观者将能够看到整个垃圾分解的过程，或者不同的个别垃圾化学成分，沿着一条时间线，看看时间，垃圾类型和环境如何与东西腐烂的速度或速度有关。教师和学生将能够在其他学校的研究人员和教室之间建立网络，使他们能够共享数据，提出问题并在实验中进行合作。将建立一个交流中心，以便研究人员和教室可以分享想法和结果，以及在博客般的环境中提出问题。 此外，该项目将为几名本科生和研究生提供培训。托莱多大学和肯特州立大学为科学领域代表性不足的群体提供服务，他们将被招募到这个项目中。