Dissertation Research: Linking microbial ecophysiology to soil organic matter abundance and stabilization

论文研究：将微生物生态生理学与土壤有机质丰度和稳定性联系起来

• 批准号: 1311501
• 负责人: Andrew Grandy
• 金额: $ 1.9万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-15 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311501&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Linking; microbial; ecophysiology

Terrestrial ecosystems depend on soil organic matter (SOM) for sustaining agricultural productivity and other vital ecosystem services, yet global SOM stocks are threatened by environmental change. Currently, the ability to mitigate SOM losses is limited by our understanding of the processes regulating SOM formation and long-term persistence. In recent years, new concepts of SOM formation and persistence have emerged suggesting that SOM is largely derived from soil microbes. Contrasting sharply with older concepts that emphasize the importance of complex plant-derived compounds in SOM formation, the new emphasis on microbial processes might dramatically improve SOM management if only the mechanisms were better understood. Specifically, there is relatively little known about the microbial physiological traits that regulate microbial production and the fate of microbial products in different soil types. To address this knowledge gap, the broad objective of this research is to link microbial physiological traits to SOM formation and persistence. This objective will be met using a long-term laboratory study to track newly formed SOM derived from microbial processes in different soil types. The soils vary in their clay mineralogy and carbon inputs from plants and, as a result, will select for different microbial communities and physiological traits, which together will presumably lead to differences in the long-term stability of the newly formed SOM. Throughout the experiment, measurements will be made of microbial physiological traits that can be linked to biomass synthesis, rates of SOM formation, SOM chemistry, microbial biodiversity, and SOM persistence.Results from this work will lead to improvements in current models of SOM formation and stabilization and will characterize the important relationships among microbial physiology, carbon input quality, and the soil environment. This study will make fundamental contributions to microbial ecology and soil and ecosystem science and could change how we mitigate the adverse effects of land-use conversion and climate change on SOM losses. Specifically, this research could encourage new approaches for land-use conservation, restoration, and agricultural management that emphasize the indirect building of SOM by managing microbial biomass production.

陆地生态系统依赖土壤有机物（SOM）来维持农业生产力和其他重要的生态系统服务，但是全球SOM股票受环境变化的威胁。当前，减轻SOM损失的能力受到我们对调节SOM形成和长期持久性的过程的理解的限制。近年来，出现了SOM形成和持久性的新概念，这表明SOM主要来自土壤微生物。与较旧的概念形成鲜明对比的是，强调复杂的植物衍生化合物在SOM形成中的重要性的重要性，如果只有更好地理解机制，那么对微生物过程的新强调可能会显着改善SOM管理。具体而言，关于调节微生物产生的微生物生理特征和不同土壤类型中微生物产物的命运的微生物生理特征鲜为人知。为了解决这一知识差距，这项研究的广泛目标是将微生物生理特征与SOM形成和持久性联系起来。将使用一项长期实验室研究来实现这一目标，以跟踪来自不同土壤类型中微生物过程的新形成的SOM。土壤的粘土矿物学和植物的碳输入各不相同，因此，将选择不同的微生物群落和生理特征，这大概会导致新形成的SOM的长期稳定性差异。在整个实验中，将测量微生物生理特征，这些特征可以与生物量合成，SOM形成速率，SOM化学，微生物生物多样性和SOM持久性有关。从这项工作中的回报将导致SOM形成和稳定模型的改善，并将其稳定模型改善，并将微生物物理学的重要关系和较重要的环境，氧化物和氧化物质量质量来表征。这项研究将对微生物生态学，土壤和生态系统科学做出基本贡献，并可以改变我们减轻土地利用转化和气候变化对SOM损失的不利影响。具体而言，这项研究可以鼓励新的方法进行土地利用保护，恢复和农业管理，这些方法通过管理微生物生物量生产来强调SOM的间接建设。