权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Ocean Acidification: Effects on Morphology and Mineralogy in Otoliths of Larval Reef Fish

海洋酸化：对礁鱼幼体耳石形态和矿物学的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1220480
负责人：
Robyn Hannigan
金额：
$ 20.46万
依托单位：
University of Massachusetts Boston
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-08-15 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1220480&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Ocean Acidification Effects Morphology Mineralogy

项目摘要

If a larval fish cannot avoid predators and cannot orient itself in three-dimensional space, the consequences to the individual and the population are dramatic. Otoliths (ear stones), formed precipitation of calcium carbonate from a bicarbonate-rich and alkaline pH fluid, are critical to fish movement and orientation. Although marine fish compensate for carbon dioxide levels in the surrounding waters little is known about how increased dissolved carbon dioxide and changes in bicarbonate concentrations will impact the formation of otoliths. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, leading to decreased ocean pH (ocean acidification) may have profound impact on the deposition, growth and function of these critical structures, particularly in larval fish. Focusing on pre-settlement age larval reef fish (Amphiprion clarkii and Chrysiptera parasema), this research integrates expertise in carbonate mineralogy, otolith development, and reef fish biology and leverages this unique combination of expertise to answer fundamental questions regarding the impact of ocean acidification on the structure and function of otoliths. Specifically, the research will answer two fundamental questions: What are the natural morphological and mineralogical variations within growing otoliths? How do these change when larvae are exposed to high dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations? Larvae will be hatched and reared under high carbon dioxide-induced low pH and three types of otoliths (sagittae, lapilli, asterisci) will be extracted over the duration of the experiments. Changes in calcium carbonate mineralogy from aragonite (most common) to vaterite (less common, less dense) as well as changes in crystal habit (well formed to poorly formed) will be evaluated using a combination of microscopic and morphometric techniques. The gap in understanding of otolith morphology and mineralogy precludes our ability to accurately evaluate the impact of ocean acidification on larval fish survival. Given that we know very little about the morphology and mineralogy of all three otolith types in larval marine fish, this research will provide fundamental data regarding natural variability. Data from unexposed and exposed larvae will inform our understanding of the development of otoliths and structure-function relationships. Additionally, otoliths provide long-term records of environmental life histories that could be better exploited if we understood the relation between environmental conditions and otolith morphology and mineralogy. This research represents a unique interdisciplinary collaboration between faculty and students at the University of Massachusetts Boston (a minority-serving institution), New England Aquarium (NEAq; not-for-profit research aquarium), and, through a formal partnership with NEAq, Roger Williams University (primarily undergraduate institution). NEAq is one of the premier visitor attractions in Boston, with over 1.3 million visitors a year, and a major public education resource. In addition to significant research outcomes this project also supports the development of informal science education materials that will be distributed to the public and displayed at the NEAq Harborside Learning Lab and NEAq Ocean Center. The project also supports the training of 1 PhD student and 1 undergraduate student.

如果一条小鱼不能躲避捕食者，不能在三维空间中定位自己，对个体和种群的后果是巨大的。耳石（耳石）是由富含碳酸氢盐的碱性流体中碳酸钙沉淀形成的，对鱼类的运动和定向至关重要。尽管海洋鱼类补偿了周围水域的二氧化碳水平，但人们对增加的溶解二氧化碳和碳酸氢盐浓度的变化如何影响耳石的形成知之甚少。大气二氧化碳浓度增加，导致海洋pH值下降（海洋酸化），可能对这些关键结构的沉积、生长和功能产生深远影响，尤其是对鱼类幼虫。本研究聚焦于定居前年龄的珊瑚鱼幼虫（克氏Amphiprion clarkii和parasema Chrysiptera），整合了碳酸盐矿物学、耳石发育和珊瑚鱼生物学方面的专业知识，并利用这种独特的专业知识组合来回答有关海洋酸化对耳石结构和功能影响的基本问题。具体来说，这项研究将回答两个基本问题：生长中的耳石的自然形态和矿物学变化是什么？当幼虫暴露在高浓度的溶解二氧化碳中时，这些变化是如何发生的？幼虫将在高二氧化碳诱导的低pH下孵化和饲养，并在实验期间提取三种类型的耳石（矢状，柱状，星形）。从文石（最常见）到水晶石（不常见，密度较低）的碳酸钙矿物学变化，以及晶体习性（形成良好到形成不良）的变化，将使用显微和形态测量技术相结合的方法进行评估。对耳石形态和矿物学的理解差距使我们无法准确评估海洋酸化对幼鱼生存的影响。鉴于我们对所有三种幼体海鱼耳石类型的形态和矿物学知之甚少，这项研究将提供有关自然变异性的基础数据。来自未暴露和暴露的幼虫的数据将有助于我们了解耳石的发育和结构-功能关系。此外，耳石提供了环境生活史的长期记录，如果我们了解了环境条件与耳石形态和矿物学之间的关系，就可以更好地利用耳石。这项研究代表了马萨诸塞大学波士顿分校（少数族裔服务机构）、新英格兰水族馆（NEAq；非营利研究型水族馆）以及罗杰威廉姆斯大学（主要是本科生机构）的教师和学生之间独特的跨学科合作。NEAq是波士顿最重要的旅游景点之一，每年接待超过130万游客，也是一个重要的公共教育资源。除了重要的研究成果外，该项目还支持非正式科学教育材料的开发，这些材料将分发给公众，并在NEAq海港学习实验室和NEAq海洋中心展出。本项目还支持培养1名博士生和1名本科生。