OCE-RIG: Emission of greenhouse gases by coastal marine invertebrates in response to nitrogen loading and ocean warming

OCE-RIG：沿海海洋无脊椎动物因氮负荷和海洋变暖而排放的温室气体

• 批准号: 1225825
• 负责人: Serena Moseman-Valtierra
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1225825&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OCE; RIG; Emission; greenhouse; gases

In this project, the principal investigator will study greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from coastal invertebrates in relation to nitrogen availability and temperature.Coastal ecosystems may be significant sources of greenhouse gases, including nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) that have 300 and 25 times the global warming potential per molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2). Marine invertebrates, in particular, may produce GHGs in coastal ecosystems either directly or indirectly, through biogenic alteration of sediments, which expands the oxicanoxic interfaces in which microbes thrive. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading and warming of coastal oceans may both enhance GHG production significantly. To test the hypothesis that numerically dominant coastal invertebrates, including a tube-building amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and bivalves (Mytilus edulis, Mercenaria mercenaria, Geukensia demissa), can emit significant quantities of CO2, N2O , CH4, manipulative experiments will be performed. Potential emissions from each species, and subpopulations (along an existing nitrogen gradient in Narragansett Bay, RI), will be assayed under standardized conditions. To test how emissions from coastal invertebrates vary in response to anthropogenic fertilization and warming of the ocean, nitrogen and temperature will then be manipulated in mesocosm experiments. Fluxes and dissolved GHG concentrations will be compared across treatments. The abundance of two key potential mediators of GHG fluxes, ammonia-oxidizing and methane-oxidizing microbes, will also be characterized. These examinations will reveal functional consequences of ocean warming and fertilization, including the potential of coastal organisms to enhance global climatic feedbacks.The broader impacts involve broadening participation of under-represented groups in STEM. The principal investigator is committed to advancing science among all members of our diverse society. A graduate student will be recruited from a national diversity outreach program. Undergraduate researchers, via Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships, will be mentored, and their contributions will be featured in new workshops that will be developed for high school students and teachers, and the National Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. This project is supported under the NSF Ocean Sciences Research Initiation Grant (OCE-RIG) program, with goals to support novel research by early career scientists and increase the diversity of the U.S. ocean sciences workforce and research community. With OCE-RIG support, this project will enable a promising early career researcher to establish themselves in an independent research career related to ocean sciences and broaden participation of under-represented groups in the ocean sciences.

在本项目中，首席研究员将研究沿海无脊椎动物排放的温室气体（GHG）与氮供应和温度的关系。沿海生态系统可能是温室气体的重要来源，包括一氧化二氮（N2 O）和甲烷（CH 4），每分子二氧化碳（CO2）的全球变暖潜能值分别为300倍和25倍。特别是海洋无脊椎动物，通过沉积物的生物改变，扩大了微生物生长的缺氧-缺氧界面，可能直接或间接地在沿海生态系统中产生温室气体。人为氮负荷和沿海海洋变暖都可能显著增加温室气体的产生。为了检验数量占主导地位的沿海无脊椎动物，包括管建筑端足类（Ampelisca abdita）和双壳类（贻贝，Mercenaria cruciaria，Geukensia demissa），可以排放大量的CO2，N2 O，CH 4的假设，将进行操纵实验。将在标准化条件下分析每个物种和亚群（沿着RI纳拉甘塞特湾的现有氮梯度）的潜在排放量。为了测试沿海无脊椎动物的排放如何对人为施肥和海洋变暖做出反应，然后将在中型生态系统实验中操纵氮和温度。将比较各处理的通量和溶解的GHG浓度。温室气体通量的两个关键的潜在介质，氨氧化和甲烷氧化微生物的丰度，也将被表征。这些研究将揭示海洋变暖和施肥的功能后果，包括沿海生物增强全球气候反馈的潜力。更广泛的影响涉及扩大STEM中代表性不足的群体的参与。首席研究员致力于在我们多元化社会的所有成员中推进科学。一名研究生将从国家多样性推广计划中招募。本科生研究人员，通过夏季本科生研究奖学金，将得到指导，他们的贡献将在新的研讨会上展出，这些研讨会将为高中学生和教师以及全国科学促进奇卡诺人和美洲原住民协会开发。该项目得到了NSF海洋科学研究启动资助（OCE-RIG）计划的支持，其目标是支持早期职业科学家的新研究，并增加美国海洋科学劳动力和研究社区的多样性。在海洋环境研究所的支持下，该项目将使有前途的早期职业研究人员能够在与海洋科学有关的独立研究生涯中立足，并扩大代表性不足的群体对海洋科学的参与。