Doctoral Dissertation Research: Defining Discrimination in France and the United States

博士论文研究：定义法国和美国的歧视

• 批准号: 1226663
• 负责人: Abigail Saguy
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1226663&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Defining; Discrimination

This study examines why legal protection on the basis of sexual orientation is recognized in some areas of law and not others, how some but not all unequal treatment of sexual orientation minority citizens becomes legally defined as discrimination, and how those on both sides of the issue justify their stances. For example, France permits civil unions and prohibits workplace discrimination but strictly prohibits procreative assistance to homosexual couples. In contrast, the U.S. prohibits federal recognition of same-sex couples, but most states permit adoption and artificial insemination. Comparing France and the U.S.. which differ in their political and legal structure, the role played by social movement organizations in public policy, and the degree of controversy generated by moral issues in general ? provides analytical leverage on how these factors may matter. Specifically, the investigator asks: 1) how do political actors frame different legal concerns (e.g. marriage and filiation, hate crimes, workplace discrimination); 2) what legal, institutional and cultural factors across national cases account for the differences and similarities in how they frame these issues; and 3) how do they justify the uneven recognition of rights within their own countries? To answer these questions, he analyzes observational, interview, and archival data, including legal code, judicial and legislative debates, media coverage, and arguments made by sexual orientation law experts, including activists, public figures, intellectuals, and scientists. The investigator conceptualizes these debates as decision making processes that require political actors to judge the moral status and origin of sexual orientation and weigh it against their conceptions of the common good. This study provides a lens through which to analyze issues facing contemporary democracies, such as the limits of immutability arguments for rights claims, the expanding influence of bioethical justifications for inclusion, and relationships between science and politics.

这项研究探讨了为什么性取向的基础上的法律的保护是在某些法律领域，而不是其他人，如何一些，但不是所有的不平等待遇的性取向少数公民成为法律定义为歧视，以及如何在问题的双方证明他们的立场。例如，法国允许民事结合，禁止工作场所歧视，但严格禁止向同性恋夫妇提供生育援助。相比之下，美国禁止联邦承认同性伴侣，但大多数州允许收养和人工授精。比较法国和美国。它们在政治和法律的结构、社会运动组织在公共政策中所扮演的角色以及一般道德问题所产生的争议程度方面有何不同？提供了关于这些因素如何影响的分析杠杆。 具体而言，调查员问：（1）政治行为者如何界定不同的法律的关切（如婚姻和亲子关系、仇恨犯罪、工作场所歧视）;（2）各国案例中有哪些法律的、体制和文化因素导致他们界定这些问题的方式存在差异和相似之处;（3）他们如何为本国对权利的不平等承认辩护？为了回答这些问题，他分析了观察，采访和档案数据，包括法律的代码，司法和立法辩论，媒体报道，以及性取向法律专家，包括活动家，公众人物，知识分子和科学家提出的论点。调查人员将这些辩论概念化为决策过程，要求政治行为者判断性取向的道德地位和起源，并权衡其对共同利益的概念。这项研究提供了一个透镜，通过它来分析当代民主国家面临的问题，如权利主张的不变性参数的限制，生物伦理学的理由纳入不断扩大的影响，以及科学与政治之间的关系。