Landslide dynamics from seismic wave inversion, satellite remote sensing, and numerical modeling

来自地震波反演、卫星遥感和数值模拟的滑坡动力学

• 批准号: 1227083
• 负责人: Goran Ekstrom
• 金额: $ 41.8万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1227083&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Landslide; dynamics; seismic; wave; inversion

This project is focused on developing and applying new methods to investigate the dynamics of catastrophic landslides. The dynamic motion of large and fast landslides is poorly understood for two main reasons: (1) the physics of rock sliding, breaking, and flowing as a granular mass is very complex, and (2) there is a nearly complete lack of direct observations and measurements of the speed and evolution of large landslides. The project will use a new method to determine the movement of landslides through interpretation of the seismic waves that are generated as the rock accelerates and slows down along its paths of sliding. Such waves are routinely recorded on global and regional seismographic networks as a consequence of large landslides and the signals can now be interpreted using methods modified from those used to study large earthquakes.The seismic analysis will be combined with interpretation and analysis of before-and-after satellite imagery that provides complementary information on the motion of the landslide, and numerical modeling of landslide motion over realistic topography. The combined analysis will lead to detailed descriptions of many recent catastrophic landslides, and new insights into the forces and processes involved.An outcome of the project is a tool to detect and quantify catastrophic landslides remotely and in near-real time. Communities engaged in natural-hazards mitigation and disaster management will find such a tool valuable, notably in cases where massive slope failures strike in remote areas or under conditions where communications are severely compromised. The collection of detailed descriptions of historical landslides that will result from the project will be of interest to a wide range of science and engineering communities concerned with slope instability.

该项目的重点是开发和应用新方法来调查灾难性滑坡的动态。由于两个主要原因，人们对大型快速滑坡的动力学运动知之甚少：（1）岩石滑动、破碎和流动的物理性质非常复杂，（2）几乎完全缺乏对大型滑坡速度和演变的直接观察和测量。该项目将使用一种新方法，通过解释岩石沿着其滑动路径加速和减速时产生的地震波来确定滑坡的运动。由于大型滑坡，全球和区域地震监测网经常记录到这种波，现在可以用研究大地震所用的方法加以修改，解释这些信号，地震分析将与解释和分析滑坡前后的卫星图像结合起来，卫星图像提供关于滑坡运动的补充信息，并对实际地形上的滑坡运动进行数字模拟。综合分析将导致许多最近的灾难性山体滑坡的详细描述，并对所涉及的力量和过程的新见解。该项目的成果是一个远程和近实时检测和量化灾难性山体滑坡的工具。从事减轻自然灾害和灾害管理的社区将发现这种工具很有价值，特别是在偏远地区发生大规模斜坡崩塌或通信严重受损的情况下。收集的详细描述的历史滑坡，将导致该项目将感兴趣的范围广泛的科学和工程界关注的斜坡不稳定性。