Synchrony of EEG and Action In Real-Time Toddler-Parent Social Interaction

实时幼儿-父母社交互动中脑电图和动作的同步

• 批准号: 1227222
• 负责人: Gedeon Deak
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1227222&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Synchrony; EEG; Action; Real; Time

Researchers, parents, and teachers all assume that infants and children learn from their social experiences. However, little is known about how social learning happens in infants and children. For example, even in a simple turn-taking game, how do toddlers and adults adapt to one another? How do they fall into a "rhythm," or affect one another's next turn? When and why do toddlers and parents show enjoyment of the game and of one another? We know almost nothing about how toddler's brains produce these social actions and emotions. The proposed research will measure moment-by-moment changes in the behaviors of toddlers and parents playing a turn-taking game, while also recording their electroencephalograms (EEG): changes in electricity on the scalp, partly caused by the brain's neocortex, which controls actions and communication. Two-year-old toddlers and parents play turn-taking games on a touch-screen table. They produce many unscripted social actions, and are sometimes rewarded for their cooperative actions. The positions of toddlers' and parents' hands and heads are motion-captured, so that their EEG can be precisely synchronized with their actions. State-of-the art analyses will derive the most meaningful information from the EEG of both toddler and parent, synchronized with their own actions and with their observation of the other's actions. Advanced statistics will be used to analyze patterns of actions and EEG events throughout the game.This paradigm will be used to investigate two major topics: First, how do toddlers' brains register not only their own actions but also other people's actions? Toddlers' brain networks for processing people's actions are virtually unknown, and have not been studied during ongoing social interactions. The results will document toddlers' brain responses to perceiving a parent's actions. This might help researchers understand how parents promote children's engagement and learning during face-to-face activities. It might also indicate why some toddlers are more socially responsive than others. Second, the rewards obtained during face-to-face interactions are crucial for children's learning, but almost nothing is known about how their brains respond to rewards during social interactions. The results will document toddlers' and adults' behavior and brain responses to rewards, especially rewards for cooperation. This will help researchers understand how toddlers develop social skills for learning in social contexts. These skills are critical when children begin school. In sum, a new paradigm for measuring time-locked brain signals and actions of turn-taking toddlers and parents will shed light on the development of skills for social connection and cooperation. The project will also provide training for undergraduate and graduate students, and interns from a charter high school for non-traditional students. The participating laboratories will also host field trips for high school seniors from underserved neighborhoods to learn about neuroscience.

研究人员、家长和教师都认为婴儿和儿童从他们的社会经验中学习。然而，人们对婴儿和儿童的社会学习是如何发生的知之甚少。例如，即使是在一个简单的轮流游戏中，幼儿和成人如何适应彼此？他们如何进入一个“节奏”，或影响对方的下一个回合？什么时候和父母一起玩游戏，互相欣赏？我们对幼儿的大脑如何产生这些社会行为和情感几乎一无所知。这项拟议中的研究将测量幼儿和父母玩游戏时行为的每时每刻的变化，同时记录他们的脑电图（EEG）：头皮上的电流变化，部分由大脑的新皮层引起，控制行动和交流。两岁的幼儿和父母在触摸屏桌子上玩轮流游戏。他们产生了许多没有脚本的社会行为，有时他们的合作行为会得到奖励。幼儿和父母的手和头的位置是运动捕捉，使他们的脑电图可以精确地与他们的行动同步。最先进的分析将从幼儿和父母的EEG中获得最有意义的信息，与他们自己的行动和他们对对方行动的观察同步。先进的统计学将被用来分析整个游戏中的动作模式和脑电图事件。这个范例将被用来研究两个主要主题：第一，幼儿的大脑如何不仅记录他们自己的动作，而且记录其他人的动作？幼儿处理人类行为的大脑网络实际上是未知的，并且在正在进行的社会互动中也没有被研究过。结果将记录幼儿大脑对感知父母行为的反应。这可能有助于研究人员了解父母如何在面对面的活动中促进孩子的参与和学习。这也可能表明为什么有些幼儿比其他幼儿更有社会反应。第二，在面对面的互动中获得的奖励对儿童的学习至关重要，但几乎没有人知道他们的大脑如何在社交互动中对奖励做出反应。研究结果将记录幼儿和成人的行为和大脑对奖励的反应，特别是对合作的奖励。这将有助于研究人员了解幼儿如何发展社交技能，以便在社交环境中学习。这些技能在儿童开始上学时至关重要。总之，一种测量幼儿和父母的时间锁定大脑信号和行动的新范式将有助于社会联系和合作技能的发展。该项目还将为本科生和研究生提供培训，并为非传统学生提供特许高中的实习生。参与实验室还将为来自服务不足社区的高中生举办实地考察，以了解神经科学。