TWC: Medium: Collaborative: Towards Securing Coupled Financial and Power Systems in the Next Generation Smart Grid

TWC：中：协作：确保下一代智能电网中耦合金融和电力系统的安全

• 批准号: 1229008
• 负责人: Karl Levitt
• 金额: $ 84万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1229008&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: TWC; Medium; Collaborative; Towards; Securing

For nearly 40 years, the United States has faced a critical problem: increasing demand for energy has outstripped the ability of the systems and markets that supply power. Today, a variety of promising new technologies offer a solution to this problem. Clean, renewable power generation, such as solar and wind are increasingly available. Hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles offer greater energy efficiency in transportation. The power grid that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power, however, was designed and constructed in the 1960's and is ill-suited to handle these emerging energy technologies. Operating the electrical grid using power sources with random and uncertain availability, like solar and wind, requires new sensing and control methods. Widespread use of plug-in/hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) will not only require far greater power capacity, but will also radically change the peak usage profile, with large evening demand that cannot be shifted. To address this problem, our current power grid must be upgraded with a control system that uses the full power of modern sensor and computing technology to increase efficiency. This new power grid, with an integrated, modern IT control plane is commonly referred to as the Smart Grid, which uses distributed control, customer integration and market based control mechanisms. It is critical to build security features into this Smart Grid from the beginning to ensure fairness, to provide warnings of misuse, to provide control algorithms that minimize damage from malicious behavior, and most importantly, to provide robustness and high-availability of power delivery even in the presence of bad-faith actors. This project develops methods to achieve security in power and market delivery. This entails a study of economic market models with stability as one objective but also in consideration of new sources of power and usage, both on the producer and the consumer sides. To achieve security, the following techniques are used synergistically: vulnerability discovery by formal analysis; on-line monitoring, anomaly and specification-based intrusion detection; and recovery and reconstitution by feedback control. Unique to this project, it is emphasized that the security enhancements take place at both the market level and the system level, requiring separate state-estimation models. These seemingly disparate domains are unified through mapping functions among the states of the respective models. By integrating the two control models, future Smart Grids can detect and respond to activity, either malicious or caused by natural disturbances, that threaten either level; the unification of the models permits the investigation of attacks that possibly impact both levels. Results of this work would lead to a secure and reliable Smart Grid architecture that is robust in the face of attacks on both the power delivery and market control systems. The inherent cross-disciplinary nature of the research will educate future researchers to be conversant in both cyber-security and associated economic issues, through co-advising between the departments of Computer Science and Economics at both UC Davis and Pennsylvania State University and through course modules developed under this work, again involving both campuses. Results will be transitioned to partnership with PG&E, SMUD, the West Davis Village, and other utilities in California, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut.

近40年来，美国一直面临着一个关键问题：日益增长的能源需求已经超过了供应电力的系统和市场的能力。今天，各种前景看好的新技术为这个问题提供了解决方案。清洁、可再生的发电，如太阳能和风能，越来越多地可用。混合动力和插电式电动汽车在运输中提供了更高的能源效率。然而，管理电力生产、输电和配电的电网是在20世纪60年代S时期设计和建设的，不适合处理这些新兴的能源技术。使用具有随机和不确定可用性的电源(如太阳能和风能)运行电网需要新的传感和控制方法。插电式/混合动力电动汽车(PHEV)的广泛使用不仅需要更大的功率容量，还将从根本上改变高峰使用情况，夜间需求巨大，无法改变。为了解决这个问题，我们目前的电网必须升级为一个控制系统，充分利用现代传感器和计算技术的力量来提高效率。这种具有集成的现代IT控制平面的新电网通常被称为智能电网，它使用分布式控制、客户集成和基于市场的控制机制。从一开始就在智能电网中构建安全功能是至关重要的，以确保公平，提供滥用警告，提供将恶意行为造成的损害降至最低的控制算法，最重要的是，即使在存在恶意行为的情况下，也要提供健壮性和高可用性的电力传输。该项目开发了在电力和市场交付中实现安全的方法。这需要研究以稳定为目标的经济市场模型，但也要考虑到生产者和消费者双方新的电力来源和使用情况。为了实现安全，协同使用了以下技术：通过形式化分析发现漏洞；通过在线监测、异常和基于规范的入侵检测；通过反馈控制进行恢复和重建。该项目的独特之处在于，强调安全增强既在市场一级进行，也在系统一级进行，需要单独的状态估计模型。这些看似完全不同的领域通过在各个模型的状态之间映射功能来统一。通过集成这两个控制模型，未来的智能电网可以检测并响应威胁到这两个级别的活动，无论是恶意的还是由自然干扰引起的；模型的统一允许调查可能影响这两个级别的攻击。这项工作的结果将导致安全可靠的智能电网架构，该架构在面对电力输送和市场控制系统的攻击时是健壮的。这项研究固有的跨学科性质将通过加州大学戴维斯分校和宾夕法尼亚州立大学计算机科学和经济系之间的合作建议，以及通过这项工作开发的课程模块，同样涉及两个校区，培养未来的研究人员熟悉网络安全和相关的经济问题。结果将过渡到与PG&Ame、SMUD、西戴维斯村以及加利福尼亚州、宾夕法尼亚州和康涅狄格州的其他公用事业公司合作。