Controlling the Flow of Sensitive Knowledge in an Interconnected World (Standard Research Grant)

控制互联世界中敏感知识的流动（标准研究补助金）

• 批准号: 1230220
• 负责人: John Krige
• 金额: $ 17.86万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1230220&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Controlling; Flow; Sensitive; Knowledge; Interconnected

IntroductionThe scope of the regulations controlling the circulation of sensitive but unclassified knowledge between the United States and other countries is of growing concern. This is especially so for researchers in academia and in industry. The ever-closer linkage between basic research and application in civilian/military dual-use technologies and the determination of foreign countries to exploit American scientific pre-eminence have brought International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) into the core of collaborative research with foreign nationals. Communities that prize scientific openness and regard it as the bedrock of American scientific and technological leadership and economic competitiveness are increasingly frustrated by ambiguities surrounding the interpretation of the regulations and the severe penalties for violating them. Intellectual MeritThis project will trace the history of the debate between scientific openness and national security that began in the 1980s, primarily using reports produced by the National Academies, Congressional Reports (such as the Cox Report), studies by the Congressional Research Service, and supporting materials. This historical study will be supplemented by an empirical study of the day-to-day implementation of ITAR using in-depth interviews with senior researchers, and administrative and legal personnel, at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Policy conclusions will be drawn from the experience of those who conduct their research in this regulatory framework. The project will throw new light on the mechanisms that regulate the circulation of knowledge in a global, interconnected world. It will identify the changing circumstances that define cutting-edge science and technology that is both unclassified and subject to regulation. It demands that we expand the meaning of "technology transfer" to accommodate the exchange of knowledge in face-to-face encounters between American researchers and foreign nationals in a laboratory setting.Potential Broader ImpactsThe results will be of interest to historians of science and technology, and to stakeholders involved in implementing ITAR. They should stimulate public debate on how best to balance the freedom of inquiry with the needs of national security.

前言控制敏感但非机密知识在美国和其他国家之间流通的法规的范围越来越引起人们的关注。对于学术界和工业界的研究人员来说，情况尤其如此。民用/军用两用技术的基础研究和应用之间日益密切的联系，以及外国决心利用美国的科学优势，使《国际武器贩运条例》(ITAR)成为与外国国民合作研究的核心。珍视科学公开性并将其视为美国科技领先地位和经济竞争力基石的社区，越来越对这些规定的解释含糊不清以及违反规定的严厉处罚感到沮丧。智力价值这个项目将追溯始于20世纪80年代的科学开放和国家安全之间的争论的历史，主要使用国家科学院的报告、国会报告(如考克斯报告)、国会研究服务处的研究和支持材料。这项历史性研究将通过对佐治亚理工学院高级研究人员以及行政和法律人员的深入访谈，对热带雨表的日常执行情况进行实证研究。政策结论将从在这一监管框架下进行研究的人的经验中得出。该项目将为在一个相互联系的全球世界中规范知识流通的机制提供新的线索。它将确定定义尖端科学和技术的不断变化的环境，这些尖端科学和技术既不属于机密，也受到监管。它要求我们扩展“技术转让”的含义，以适应美国研究人员和外国研究人员在实验室环境下面对面接触时的知识交流。潜在的更广泛的影响科学和技术历史学家以及参与实施ITAR的利益相关者将对结果感兴趣。它们应该激起公众对如何最好地平衡调查自由和国家安全需求的辩论。