Exocyst-Mediated Pathways to the Plant Cell Surface

胞外囊介导的植物细胞表面途径

• 批准号: 1244633
• 负责人: John Fowler
• 金额: $ 14万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-15 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1244633&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exocyst; Mediated; Pathways; Plant; Cell

INTELLECTUAL MERITThis project seeks to understand the mechanisms by which plant cells control the delivery of proteins and other functional molecules to their outer surface, the region defined by the plasma membrane and surrounding cell wall. This process is known as vesicle trafficking, as proteins are produced within the cell, packaged into small, membrane-bound carriers (vesicles), and then moved to the plasma membrane for final delivery. This process is important because: 1) it is the primary mechanism used to build and to control the plant cell interface with its outside environment, which can affect how the plant interacts with harmful or beneficial microbes; 2) it is crucial for cell growth; 3) it is a regulator of cell-cell communication between cells; and 4) it is crucial for the acquisition of nutrients from the surrounding environment via specialized plasma membrane-localized protein transporters. The molecular mechanisms regarding how vesicle trafficking are controlled are not well understood. One player that appears likely to control this process in plant cells is the eight-protein exocyst complex, which provides spatial regulation at the plasma membrane for vesicle trafficking. This project uses the Arabidopsis root hair as a model and investigates the exocyst-mediated vesicle trafficking pathway (EMVT). EMVT is required for proper growth of the root hair, a key structure for nutrient acquisition. The project seeks to understand how root hair growth relies on EMVT through: 1) Characterization of exocyst interactions with other known components of the vesicle trafficking system; and 2) Molecular identification of a new gene (NERD1) which interacts functionally with the exocyst in the Arabidopsis root hair. The project should build a deeper understanding of how the function of plasma membrane-targeted molecules is enabled and controlled, and how precise patterns of cellular growth are affected.BROADER IMPACTSThe knowledge generated in this project may have broad implications for plant physiology and development. Due to its hypothesized connection to the plasma membrane, EMVT may help mediate interactions between root and soil. Thus, this work could inform applied work that seeks to manage plant responses to abiotic stress induced by the surrounding environment (e.g. drought, salinity, and nutrient-poor soils), to pathogens, and to interactions with the rhizosphere microbial community. In addition, the project will train a postdoctoral researcher in integrating genetic, cell biological and next-generation sequencing approaches, and will mentor undergraduate students in plant genetic research. Finally, this project will support outreach efforts to high school students through the Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering program at Oregon State University.

智力优势本项目旨在了解植物细胞控制蛋白质和其他功能分子向其外表面（由质膜和周围细胞壁限定的区域）输送的机制。 这个过程被称为囊泡运输，因为蛋白质在细胞内产生，包装成小的膜结合载体（囊泡），然后移动到质膜进行最终递送。 这个过程是重要的，因为：1）它是用于建立和控制植物细胞与其外部环境的界面的主要机制，这可以影响植物如何与有害或有益的微生物相互作用; 2）它对细胞生长至关重要; 3）它是细胞之间细胞间通讯的调节剂;和4）它对于通过专门的质膜定位蛋白转运体从周围环境中获取营养物是至关重要的。 关于囊泡运输如何被控制的分子机制还没有很好地理解。 在植物细胞中，似乎有可能控制这一过程的一个参与者是八蛋白外囊复合物，它在质膜上为囊泡运输提供空间调节。 本项目以拟南芥根毛为模型，研究了外泌囊介导的囊泡运输途径（EMVT）。 EMVT是根毛正常生长所必需的，根毛是获取营养的关键结构。 该项目旨在了解根毛生长如何依赖于EMVT，通过：1）外囊与囊泡运输系统的其他已知组分的相互作用的表征; 2）分子鉴定一个新基因（NERD 1），该基因与拟南芥根毛中的外囊功能性相互作用。 该项目将对质膜靶向分子的功能如何被激活和控制以及细胞生长的精确模式如何受到影响建立更深入的理解。更广泛的影响该项目产生的知识可能对植物生理学和发育产生广泛的影响。 由于其假设连接到质膜，EMVT可能有助于调解根和土壤之间的相互作用。 因此，这项工作可以通知应用工作，寻求管理植物对周围环境（如干旱，盐碱和营养不良的土壤），病原体诱导的非生物胁迫，并与根际微生物群落的相互作用。 此外，该项目还将培训一名博士后研究员，使其能够整合遗传学、细胞生物学和下一代测序方法，并指导本科生进行植物遗传学研究。 最后，该项目将通过俄勒冈州州立大学的科学和工程学徒计划支持对高中生的推广工作。