In-Situ Observations of Maritime Sources/Sinks of Aerosol and Cloud Condensation Nuclei at Palmer Station, Antarctica: PAEROS Pilot Phase

南大洋大气中海洋气溶胶的组成和浓度是我们更好地了解全球气候变化所需的一个关键因素。在普遍大气条件(如风速、温度、日照、降水等)下，气溶胶、云凝结和冰核的来源(如海盐、生物、人为、矿物粉尘)和通量(CCN；IN)。在这种恶劣和偏远的环境中鲜为人知。根据开发便携式气溶胶观测系统(PAEROS)的一项成功的MRI奖的结果，将在南大洋(R/V LMGold)的一次研究巡航中远程部署一个微型气溶胶组件，然后将其部署在南极洲帕尔默站的海洋环境中。直接测量CCN的粒子谱，是作为云形成种子的气溶胶粒子，在极地和南半球的高纬度地区观测明显较差。部署还将允许在恶劣环境条件下对PAEROS仪器的自主运行进行额外测试。

The composition and concentration of marine aerosols in the Southern Ocean atmosphere is a key factor needed for our improved understanding of global climate change. Both the sources (e.g. sea-salt, biogenic, anthropogenic, mineral dust) and the fluxes of aerosols and cloud condensation and ice nuclei (CCN; IN) under prevailing atmospheric conditions (e.g. wind speed, temperature, insolation, precipitation etc.) are poorly known in this harsh and remote environment. Yet they are essential in understanding aerosol-cloud processing and subsequent effects on the Earth's radiation budget.Based on the outcome of a successful MRI award, which developed the Portable AERosol Observing System (PAEROS), a miniaturized aerosol package will be deployed remotely on a research cruise in the Southern Ocean (onboard R/V LMGould) and then in the maritime environment at Palmer Station, Antarctica. Direct measurements of the size spectra of CCN, aerosol particles that serve as seeds for cloud formation, are notably poorly observed in high polar and southern latitudes. The deployment will also allow additional testing of the autonomous operation of the PAEROS instrumentation under harsh environmental conditions.