Measurements of CCN on the NSF/NCAR HIAPER G-V to Study Aerosol-cloud Interactions as Part of the Southern Ocean Clouds Radiation Transport Aerosol Transport Experimental

NSF/NCAR HIAPER G-V 上的 CCN 测量,以研究气溶胶-云相互作用,作为南大洋云辐射传输气溶胶传输实验的一部分

基本信息

项目摘要

The Southern Ocean (SO), meaning the global ocean of the high latitude Southern Hemisphere, has a well-deserved reputation as the stormiest place on earth. The remoteness of the SO and its unforgiving conditions have severely limited observations of atmospheric processes occurring above it, including cloud processes in the cyclones traveling along the South Polar front. Yet these processes are of interest for a variety of reasons, including the fact that SO clouds are relatively free from the effects of continental and anthropogenic aerosols, and the region is thus a natural laboratory for the study of cloud behavior under pristine conditions. SO clouds also play a significant cooling role in the energy balance of the planet by reflecting incoming sunlight back to space. There is evidence to suggest that this cooling has a long-range effect on the distribution of the low-latitude rainfall associated with the intertropical convergence zone, and that changes in SO cloudiness due to global climate change will affect the location and strength of the Southern Hemisphere jet stream. One indicator of our lack of understanding of SO cloud processes is the inadequate SO cloud cover found in climate model simulations, which is accompanied by excessive absorption of sunlight by the ocean surface which may in turn cause errors in estimates of climate sensitivity. The deficiency in simulated cloud cover is most pronounced in boundary layer and lower-tropospheric clouds (tops below 3km) in the cold, dry sectors of frontal weather systems traveling along the SO storm track.The work funded under this award is part of a larger field campaign titled Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol, Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES). The primary activity of the campaign is the deployment of a Gulfstream V (GV) research aircraft maintained by the Earth Observing Laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The GV will be based in Hobart, Australia and make multiple flights across the South Polar front collecting data on SO clouds and the meteorological conditions in which they occur. The GV is equipped with dropsondes to record ambient meteorological conditions, radar and lidar to observe the clouds, and instruments mounted on the wings or positioned behind inlets to to sample, collect and analyze aerosols and cloud particles (liquid droplets and ice crystals). The SOCRATES campaign is complementary to SO activities planned internationally and by other US agencies, including surface observations taken on ships and on MacQuarie Island, a small uninhabited island at 54 degrees South.A key issue to be addressed in the campaign is the relative abundance of supercooled liquid water (SLW) droplets and ice particles in SO clouds, as SLW is more prevalent in SO clouds than their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. The PIs hypothesize that the extent to which SLW cloud droplets freeze into ice particles is more strongly modulated in SO clouds by the vigor of cloud updrafts than by the availability of Ice nucleating particles (INPs, particles within liquid droplets which trigger freezing). The PIs also seek to determine the relative influence of overlying free tropospheric aerosol concentrations versus local surface and boundary layer controls, including precipitation and wind speed, in determining the concentration of liquid droplets in boundary layer clouds.Work under this award seeks to determine the abundance of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), aerosol particles which absorb water vapor from the air to form liquid water droplets that are collectively visible as clouds. CCN abundances are assessed using two miniature CCN counters, or mCCNs, each weighing 1.5kg. The mCCNs are diffusion chambers in which aerosols collected in clear air (meaning outside of clouds) are subjected to humidity values above the saturation level so that those which are able to serve as CCN at a given temperature and supersaturation form droplets which can be counted. One mCCN is operated at a constant supersaturation value which is representative of the mean supersaturation level in local clouds as determined by other instruments on the aircraft. The mCCN has a 1Hz sampling rate so that it can be used to produce high-resolution CCN concentration profiles as the GV ascends and descends through the boundary layer, cloud layer, and free troposphere. The other mCCN is operated at supersaturation levels which are adjusted over the range of supersaturation values expected in SO clouds, so that a full CCN spectrum (CCN concentration as a function of supersaturation) can be recorded over five minute sampling intervals during level flight.Three hypotheses are addressed with the measurements, along with other campaign data:1) Anthropogenic aerosols are transported over the SO in the free troposphere and mixed downward into the boundary layer during the passage of frontal weather systems. The balance between the injection of aerosols by downward mixing and their removal by rain events establishes a north-south gradient in aerosol and CCN concentration across the South Polar front.2) Sea spray and continental transport determine aerosol and CCN properties over the SO, while the seasonal cycle of biological activity plays a larger role in aerosol-cloud interactions in the Antarctic coastal regions (south of 56 degrees);3) Relatively small changes in CCN concentration over the SO has a profound impact on cloud microphysical properties as the sensitivity of cloud microphysical properties is high at these low aerosol concentrations.The work has broader impacts due to the potentially significant role of SO clouds in determining the sensitivity of global climate to external forcing from greenhouse gas increases and other factors. Data from the campaign will be used to develop better representations of clouds in models used for weather prediction and climate impacts assessments. The data will be made available to the worldwide scientific community, thus the campaign has broader impacts by creating a community resource for basic science research. This project has educational benefits for undergraduate interns from the NSF-funded Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) center and a students from a local charter school, who will assist with calibration and operation of the instrumentation and data analysis. In addition, the project support and trains a postdoc, thereby providing for the future workforce in this research area.
南大洋(SO),意思是高纬度南半球的全球海洋,作为地球上风暴最多的地方,它有着当之无愧的声誉。SO的偏远及其恶劣的条件严重限制了对其上方发生的大气过程的观测,包括沿南极锋移动的气旋中的云过程。然而,由于各种原因,这些过程引起了人们的兴趣,其中包括SO云相对不受大陆和人为气溶胶的影响,因此该地区是研究原始条件下云行为的天然实验室。SO云还通过将射入的阳光反射回太空,在地球的能量平衡中起着重要的冷却作用。有证据表明,这种冷却对与热带辐合带相关的低纬度降雨分布具有长期影响,并且由于全球气候变化导致的SO云量变化将影响南半球急流的位置和强度。我们对SO云过程缺乏了解的一个指标是在气候模式模拟中发现的SO云覆盖不足,这伴随着海洋表面对阳光的过度吸收,这反过来可能导致对气候敏感性估计的误差。模拟云量的不足在沿SO风暴路径行进的锋面天气系统冷、干扇区的边界层和对流层下层云(顶部低于3km)中最为明显。这项由该奖项资助的工作是名为“南大洋云、辐射、气溶胶、运输实验研究”(SOCRATES)的大型野外活动的一部分。该活动的主要活动是部署一架湾流V (GV)研究飞机,由美国国家大气研究中心地球观测实验室维护。GV将以澳大利亚霍巴特为基地,进行多次飞越南极锋的飞行,收集SO云及其发生的气象条件的数据。GV配备了用于记录环境气象条件的落差探空仪,用于观测云层的雷达和激光雷达,以及安装在机翼上或位于入口后面的仪器,用于对气溶胶和云颗粒(液滴和冰晶)进行取样、收集和分析。苏格拉底活动是对国际和其他美国机构计划的SO活动的补充,包括在船上和在南纬54度的一个无人居住的小岛麦夸里岛进行的水面观测。运动中需要解决的一个关键问题是SO云中相对丰富的过冷液态水(SLW)液滴和冰粒,因为SLW在SO云中比北半球的同类云更普遍。PIs假设,在SO云中,SLW云滴冻结成冰粒的程度更强烈地受到云上升气流的活力的调节,而不是受到冰核粒子(INPs,液滴内触发冻结的粒子)的调节。在确定边界层云中液滴的浓度时,指数还试图确定上覆自由对流层气溶胶浓度与当地地表和边界层控制因素(包括降水和风速)的相对影响。该奖项旨在确定云凝结核(CCN)的丰度,这是一种气溶胶粒子,它从空气中吸收水蒸气,形成液态水滴,形成可见的云。CCN丰度评估使用两个微型CCN计数器,或mccn,每个重1.5kg。mcn是一种扩散室,在其中,从洁净空气(即云外)中收集的气溶胶受到高于饱和水平的湿度值的影响,以便那些能够在给定温度和过饱和度下充当CCN的气溶胶形成可计数的液滴。一个mcn以恒定的过饱和值运行,该值代表由飞机上的其他仪器确定的本地云的平均过饱和水平。mcn具有1Hz的采样率,因此它可以用来产生高分辨率的CCN浓度剖面,当全球变暖上升和下降通过边界层、云层和自由对流层时。另一个mCCN在过饱和水平下运行,在SO云预期的过饱和值范围内进行调整,以便在水平飞行期间的5分钟采样间隔内记录完整的CCN谱(CCN浓度作为过饱和的函数)。通过测量和其他活动数据,提出了三个假设:1)在自由对流层中,人为气溶胶通过SO输送,并在锋面天气系统通过期间向下混合到边界层。通过向下混合注入气溶胶和通过降雨事件清除气溶胶之间的平衡建立了横跨南极锋的气溶胶和CCN浓度的南北梯度。2)海洋喷淋和大陆输运决定了SO上空气溶胶和CCN的特性,而生物活性的季节循环在南极沿海地区(56度以南)气溶胶-云相互作用中起更大的作用;3)由于低气溶胶浓度对云微物理特性的敏感性较高,因此在SO上CCN浓度相对较小的变化对云微物理特性有深远的影响。由于SO云在确定全球气候对来自温室气体增加和其他因素的外部强迫的敏感性方面具有潜在的重要作用,因此这项工作具有更广泛的影响。该活动的数据将用于开发用于天气预报和气候影响评估的模型中更好的云表示。这些数据将提供给全世界的科学界,因此,通过为基础科学研究创造一个社区资源,该运动具有更广泛的影响。该项目对来自美国国家科学基金会资助的海洋先进技术教育(MATE)中心的本科生实习生和当地特许学校的一名学生具有教育效益,他们将协助校准和操作仪器和数据分析。此外,该项目还支持和培养博士后,从而为未来这一研究领域提供劳动力。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(5)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate
云——气候变化中南大洋上空的成核粒子
  • DOI:
    10.1029/2020ef001673
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Twohy, Cynthia H.;DeMott, Paul J.;Russell, Lynn M.;Toohey, Darin W.;Rainwater, Bryan;Geiss, Roy;Sanchez, Kevin J.;Lewis, Savannah;Roberts, Gregory C.;Humphries, Ruhi S.
  • 通讯作者:
    Humphries, Ruhi S.
Measured Constraints on Cloud Top Entrainment to Reduce Uncertainty of Nonprecipitating Stratocumulus Shortwave Radiative Forcing in the Southern Ocean
  • DOI:
    10.1029/2020gl090513
  • 发表时间:
    2020-11
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.2
  • 作者:
    K. Sanchez;Gregory Charles Roberts;M. Diao;L. Russell
  • 通讯作者:
    K. Sanchez;Gregory Charles Roberts;M. Diao;L. Russell
Organic composition of three different size ranges of aerosol particles over the Southern Ocean
南大洋上空三种不同尺寸范围的气溶胶颗粒的有机成分
  • DOI:
    10.1080/02786826.2020.1845296
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.2
  • 作者:
    Saliba, G.;Sanchez, K. J.;Russell, L. M.;Twohy, C. H.;Roberts, G. C.;Lewis, S.;Dedrick, J.;McCluskey, C. S.;Moore, K.;DeMott, P. J.
  • 通讯作者:
    DeMott, P. J.
Measurement report: Cloud processes and the transport of biological emissions affect southern ocean particle and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations
测量报告:云过程和生物排放物的传输影响南大洋颗粒和云凝结核浓度
  • DOI:
    10.5194/acp-21-3427-2021
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    6.3
  • 作者:
    Sanchez, Kevin J.;Roberts, Gregory C.;Saliba, Georges;Russell, Lynn M.;Twohy, Cynthia;Reeves, Michael J.;Humphries, Ruhi S.;Keywood, Melita D.;Ward, Jason P.;McRobert, Ian M.
  • 通讯作者:
    McRobert, Ian M.
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Gregory Roberts其他文献

The face of testicular pain: a surprising ultrasound finding.
睾丸疼痛的面部:令人惊讶的超声发现。
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.urology.2010.11.017
  • 发表时间:
    2011
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.1
  • 作者:
    Gregory Roberts;N. Touma
  • 通讯作者:
    N. Touma
Audit on the incidence & management of drug-related hospital admissions for drug-induced gastro-intestinal bleeding.
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.03.094
  • 发表时间:
    2019-05-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Maxwell L. Baker;Hannah Leiblich;Maryssa A. Paulose;Carly Schiller;Matthew Pegoli;Lucas Panagopoulos;Tim Martin;Gregory Roberts;Vijayaprakash Suppiah
  • 通讯作者:
    Vijayaprakash Suppiah
Tissue predictability of elastography is low in collagenase induced deep digital flexor tendinopathy.
胶原酶诱导的深部指屈肌腱病的弹性成像的组织预测能力较低。
2290 A TEN YEAR REVIEW OF VASECTOMY PATHOLOGY: STRENGTHENING THE CASE AGAINST ROUTINE HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.2469
  • 发表时间:
    2012-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Gregory Roberts;Chris Davidson
  • 通讯作者:
    Chris Davidson
TCT-53 Thromboembolic event rate is elevated with lower adherence to warfarin and NOACs
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.199
  • 发表时间:
    2016-11-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    D.J. Lakkireddy;Edward Karst;Srijoy Mahapatra;Jeffrey Winterfield;Gregory Roberts;Moussa Mansour
  • 通讯作者:
    Moussa Mansour

Gregory Roberts的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Gregory Roberts', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE)
合作研究:海风对流、气溶胶、降水与环境实验(ESCAPE)
  • 批准号:
    2019965
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RAPID: PAEROS ChArMEx Mountain Experiment (PACMEx)
RAPID:PAEROS ChArMEx 山地实验 (PACMEx)
  • 批准号:
    1332554
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
In-Situ Observations of Maritime Sources/Sinks of Aerosol and Cloud Condensation Nuclei at Palmer Station, Antarctica: PAEROS Pilot Phase
南极洲帕尔默站海洋气溶胶和云凝结核源/汇的现场观测:PAEROS 试点阶段
  • 批准号:
    1246152
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
MRI: Development of PAEROS (Portable AERosol Observing System) for Global Observations
MRI:开发用于全球观测的 PAEROS(便携式气溶胶观测系统)
  • 批准号:
    0821599
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Variation of Antarctic Cloud Condensation (CCN) and ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations and properties at NEumayer Station compared to their values in the Arctic at Villum Research Station (VACCINE+)
NEumayer 站的南极云凝结 (CCN) 和冰成核粒子 (INP) 浓度和特性与 Villum 研究站 (VACCINE) 北极的值相比的变化
  • 批准号:
    442925270
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Infrastructure Priority Programmes
COBRE Center for Neuromodulation (CCN)
COBRE 神经调节中心 (CCN)
  • 批准号:
    10548168
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
Intracellular function and new extracellular signaling pathways of CCN proteins and their common molecular base
CCN蛋白的细胞内功能和新的细胞外信号通路及其共同分子基础
  • 批准号:
    19H03817
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
COBRE Center for Neuromodulation (CCN)
COBRE 神经调节中心 (CCN)
  • 批准号:
    10372249
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
COBRE Center for Neuromodulation (CCN)
COBRE 神经调节中心 (CCN)
  • 批准号:
    10338137
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.76万
  • 项目类别:
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