Static and Dynamic Triggering of Fault Creep on Strike-Slip Faults

走滑断层上断层蠕变的静态和动态触发

• 批准号: 1246966
• 负责人: Meng Wei
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1246966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Static; Dynamic; Triggering; Fault; Creep

The 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah Mw 7.2 earthquake was the largest earthquake to strike southern California in the last 18 years. It triggered shallow creep on many faults in Salton Trough, Southern California, making it at least the 8th time in the last 42 years that a local or regional earthquake has done so. However, the triggering mechanism of fault creep and its implications for seismic hazard and fault mechanics remain poorly understood. The main goal of this project is to develop an improved view of fault creep by analyzing geodetic data and modeling the triggering process, both static and dynamic, in the framework of rate-and-state friction. The investigators will first construct an improved fault creep dataset by developing an automatic creep detector that can process thousands of InSAR images, whose results will later be integrated with the existing creepmeter and field survey datasets. Second, they will use realistic static and dynamic shaking due to nearby earthquakes as stress perturbations to a 2D planar fault model with rate-and-state frictional property variations both in depth and along strike. These parameters can eventually be used in the calculation of seismic hazard. By developing both state of the art models and the most comprehensive dataset of creep events for a large fault system, they hope to transition from a conceptual understanding of fault creep towards a quantitative, predictive understanding of the conditions that create creep events on particular faults. This project will improve our understanding of the mechanics of the shallow portions of faults, which has significant implications for the shaking/hazard levels expected from future earthquakes in the Salton Trough, an agriculturally and economically important area. The automatic transient detector is one of the first of its kind and will inspire new detectors applying pattern recognition on geodetic data.

2010年El Mayor-Cucapah Mw7.2地震是过去18年来袭击加州南部的最大地震。它引发了加州南部索尔顿海槽许多断层的浅层蠕动，这是过去42年来至少第8次发生地方或区域地震。然而，断层蠕动的触发机制及其对地震危险性和断层力学的影响仍然知之甚少。该项目的主要目标是通过分析大地测量数据和模拟触发过程，静态和动态，在速率和状态摩擦的框架内，开发一种改进的断层蠕动视图。研究人员将首先通过开发一种可以处理数千张干涉合成孔径雷达图像的自动蠕变探测器来构建一个改进的断层蠕变数据集，其结果随后将与现有的蠕变仪和实地调查数据集相结合。第二，他们将使用真实的静态和动态震动，由于附近的地震作为应力扰动的2D平面断层模型与速率和状态的摩擦特性的变化，在深度和沿着走向。这些参数最终可用于地震危险性的计算。通过为大型断层系统开发最先进的模型和最全面的蠕变事件数据集，他们希望从对断层蠕变的概念性理解过渡到对在特定断层上产生蠕变事件的条件的定量预测性理解。该项目将提高我们对断层浅部力学的理解，这对索尔顿海槽（Salton Trough）未来地震的震动/危险水平具有重要意义，索尔顿海槽是一个农业和经济重要地区。自动瞬变探测器是此类探测器中的第一个，将激发对大地测量数据进行模式识别的新探测器。