EAR-PF: Integrating Field Deposit, Remote Sensing, and Numerical Modeling Perspectives on the Injection and Fallout of Hazardous Volcanic Ash

EAR-PF：结合现场沉积、遥感和数值模拟视角来研究危险火山灰的注入和沉降

• 批准号: 1250029
• 负责人: Alexa Van Eaton
• 金额: $ 17万
• 依托单位: Van_Eaton Alexa R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1250029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAR; PF; Integrating; Field; Deposit

Dr. Alexa Van Eaton has been awarded an NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out a research and education plan at the U.S. Geological Survey and Arizona State University. This project aims to improve our ability to predict and respond to the hazards of explosive volcanic eruptions. Dispersal of fine volcanic particles injected into the atmosphere during these events pose wide-reaching threats to infrastructure and the environment. Given the strong national and international reliance on numerical predictions of volcanic cloud movement, this project focuses on introducing new, field-based observations of eruption dynamics into existing methods of ash dispersal modeling. Two key questions motivate this approach: (1) how does the nature of particle aggregation evolve with respect to measurable properties of volcanic clouds?; and (2) what is the role of eruption column instability and surface water interaction in controlling the vertical distribution of mass in the atmosphere? The initial stage of the project targets assimilation of field data from volcaniclastic deposits and remote sensing archives from the well-documented eruptions of Redoubt, Alaska (2009) and Mount St. Helens, Washington (18 May 1980). These observations will be used to characterize the spatiotemporal impact of atmospheric feedbacks accompanying volcanic ash dispersal, and provide inputs for 3d simulations of eruption column development using a cutting-edge microphysical model known as ATHAM. Results will guide the design and deployment of a new generation ash dispersal model that can account for the impacts of ash aggregation and column instability in a fast-running, operational setting. In addition, Dr. Van Eaton will partner with the Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS, Vancouver) and School of Earth and Space Exploration (Arizona State University) to develop tabletop exercises educating undergraduate students, K-12 geoscience teachers and TV broadcasters about responding to volcanic ash hazards in the event of an eruption.

Alexa货车伊顿博士被授予NSF地球科学博士后奖学金，在美国地质调查局和亚利桑那州立大学开展研究和教育计划。 该项目旨在提高我们预测和应对火山爆发危险的能力。 在这些事件中，火山喷发时喷入大气层的细小颗粒扩散开来，对基础设施和环境构成广泛威胁。鉴于国家和国际上对火山云运动的数值预测的高度依赖，该项目的重点是将新的、基于实地的喷发动力学观测引入现有的火山灰散布建模方法。两个关键问题激发了这种方法：（1）粒子聚集的性质如何随着火山云的可测量性质而演变？（2）喷发柱不稳定性和地表水相互作用在控制大气质量垂直分布中的作用是什么？该项目的初始阶段的目标是同化来自阿拉斯加州里道特（2009年）和华盛顿圣海伦火山（1980年5月18日）的火山喷发的火山沉积物和遥感档案的实地数据。这些观测结果将用于描述伴随火山灰扩散的大气反馈的时空影响，并使用称为ATHAM的尖端微物理模型为喷发柱发展的三维模拟提供投入。研究结果将指导新一代灰扩散模型的设计和部署，该模型可以在快速运行的操作环境中考虑灰聚集和柱不稳定性的影响。此外，货车伊顿博士将与瀑布火山天文台（USGS，温哥华）和地球与空间探索学院（亚利桑那州立大学）合作开发桌面练习，教育本科生，K-12地球科学教师和电视广播员在火山爆发时应对火山灰危害。