Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Understanding the Mechanics of Caldera Collapse Eruptions

许多火山爆发都涉及破火山口的坍塌，即覆盖在岩浆库上的一段岩石随着喷发的进行而向下掉落。火山口坍塌发生在地球历史上最大的爆炸性喷发期间，但也发生在过去几十年的多次喷发中。然而，控制破火山口坍塌喷发的时间演变的因素知之甚少，这限制了我们推断过去喷发条件和预测正在进行或未来喷发的能力。该项目将开发包括地震和岩浆动力学的破火山口坍塌模拟，然后将模拟与各种类型的地质数据和火山监测数据进行比较。该项目将量化对破火山口坍塌喷发演化的控制，并限制包括夏威夷的Kallauea在内的几座火山的重要岩石和岩浆系统特性。除了将结果传达给火山观测站之外，还将制作2018年Kamplauea火山爆发的沉浸式动画和音响效果，以进行更广泛的宣传。该项目将研究镁铁质和火山喷发中火山口坍塌的时间动态。它将研究是什么控制喷发的发生，以及这如何影响喷发制度和整体喷发量和持续时间。该项目将开发耦合弹性和多相流体力学的3D数值模型，包括地震物理学和岩浆上升动力学。模拟将比较地球物理和视频数据，从最近的镁铁质喷发，以约束环断层的几何形状和摩擦性能。模拟也将比较地质和岩石学数据从旧的火山喷发，以研究不同的建议喷发前水库条件，包括岩浆分层和熔体透镜分布，影响喷发和由此产生的deposit.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Many volcanic eruptions involve caldera collapse, where a section of rock overlying a magma reservoir drops downward as an eruption progresses. Caldera collapse has occurred during the largest explosive eruptions in Earth’s history, but also during multiple eruptions in the past few decades. However, the factors controlling the time evolution of caldera collapse eruptions are poorly understood, which limits our ability to infer past eruptive conditions and make forecasts about ongoing or future eruptions. This project will develop caldera collapse simulations that include both earthquakes and magma dynamics, then compare simulations to various types of geologic data and volcano monitoring data. The project will quantify controls on caldera collapse eruption evolution and constrain important rock and magma system properties at several volcanoes, including Kīlauea in Hawaii. In addition to communicating results to volcano observatories, immersive animations and sonifications of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption will be produced for broader outreach.This project will study temporal dynamics of caldera collapse in both mafic and silicic eruptions. It will examine what controls eruption episodicity, and how this influences eruptive regimes and overall eruption volume and duration. This project will develop 3D numerical models that couple elastic and multiphase fluid mechanics, including earthquake physics and magma ascent dynamics. Simulations will be compared to geophysical and video data from recent mafic eruptions to constrain ring fault geometry and frictional properties. Simulations will also be compared to geologic and petrologic data from older silicic eruptions to examine how different proposed pre-eruptive reservoir conditions, including magma stratification and melt lens distributions, influence eruptions and the resulting deposits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.