CAREER:Toward a Self-Managing and Efficient Power Grid enabled by Corrective Power Flow Control and Distributed Grid Management

职业：通过修正潮流控制和分布式电网管理实现自我管理和高效的电网

• 批准号: 1252944
• 负责人: Gabriela Hug
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1252944&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Toward; Self; Managing; Efficient

The existing electric power grid was built for a situation in which power was injected at a few locations by dispatchable bulk power plants to supply inflexible loads. It was designed for reoccurring power flow patterns, has limited control capabilities and is operated such as to fulfill the requirement given by the deterministic formulation of N-1 security. The resulting constraints imposed on grid operations lead to an inefficient and conservative usage of the available transmission capacities and cause generation to be dispatched in an economically suboptimal way. To enable the transition to an efficient sustainable electric energy supply system, the transmission grid of the future needs to be able to adjust to the increasingly varying power flows caused by variable renewable generation and flexible demand. This also includes operating the grid according to a definition of security which reflects the probabilistic nature of system security to ensure a reasonable trade-off between the level of security and generation cost. A grid equipped with ubiquitous power flow control capable of rerouting power to where transmission capacity is available forms the basis to achieve these goals. However, the associated increase in the number of control variables also significantly increases the complexity of operating the power grid which is difficult or even impossible to handle with the traditional centralized grid management approach.Intellectual Merit: In this proposal, a fundamentally new approach for managing the transmission grid is proposed enabling a future in which ubiquitous power flow control has become a reality. A distributed grid management scheme based on decomposition theory is devised which takes into account the capability for corrective, i.e. post-contingency, actions provided by power flow control devices. Advantage is taken of the decoupling between normal state and contingency cases and of the spatially limited influence of outages to derive computationally efficient algorithms. The objective is to minimize a risk-based security index in which probabilities of contingencies and the severity of their consequences are used to define the level of system security. To preserve the existing centralized market structure for generation dispatch, Locational Security Impact Factors (LSIF) are newly introduced. These factors provide the operator with a measure of influence of a generation redispatch on security. Hence, the proposed research provides the methods to transform the power grid into a flexible asset and realizes the vision of a self-managing grid. The available transmission assets are used in a non-conservative yet secure way to accommodate an economically optimal generation dispatch achieving the desired trade-off between security and cost.Broader Impact: The proposed project offers a completely new view on power grid management. It is expected to yield significant computational improvements which are needed to make optimal usage of ubiquitous power flow control in the electric power system. Applying the proposed concepts promises substantial reductions in renewable generation curtailment and overall cost of generation expediting the development and adoption of power flow control and integration of renewable generation. Hence, the power grid is turned into an enabler rather than being an obstacle on the path towards a sustainable electric energy future. Furthermore, the developments in distributed system operation will be useful across other types of large-scale systems. The proposed research will be carried out by graduate and undergraduate students and the results will be integrated into undergraduate and graduate courses. As the chair of the IEEE Women in Engineering (WIE) Pittsburgh section and an instructor in the Summer Engineering Experience for Girls program at CMU, the PI will use this research as motivation for K12 students and women to choose power systems engineering as their field of study. This not only contributes to increasing the number of minorities in engineering but also to training students for a future in an industry for which one of the biggest challenges is the aging workforce.

现有的电力网是为这样一种情况而建立的，即电力由可调度的大容量发电厂在几个地点注入，以供应不灵活的负载。它被设计为重现的功率流模式，具有有限的控制能力和操作，如满足的N-1安全的确定性制定的要求。由此产生的限制施加在电网运行导致一个低效和保守的使用可用的传输容量，并导致发电被调度在一个经济上次优的方式。为了实现向高效可持续电能供应系统的过渡，未来的输电网需要能够适应由可变可再生能源发电和灵活需求引起的日益变化的电力流。这还包括根据安全性的定义来运行电网，该定义反映了系统安全性的概率性质，以确保安全性水平和发电成本之间的合理权衡。一个电网配备了无处不在的潮流控制，能够重新路由功率的传输容量是可用的形式的基础，以实现这些目标。然而，在控制变量的数量也显着增加了相关的复杂性，这是困难的，甚至不可能处理与传统的集中式电网管理approach.Intellectual优点：在这个建议中，提出了一个全新的方法来管理输电网，使未来无处不在的潮流控制已成为现实。分布式电网管理方案的分解理论的基础上，考虑到纠正能力，即后应急，潮流控制装置提供的行动。利用正常状态和应急情况下的空间有限的影响中断之间的解耦，以获得计算效率的算法。我们的目标是最小化基于风险的安全指数，其中的意外事件的概率及其后果的严重性被用来定义系统的安全水平。为了保持现有的集中式发电调度市场结构，新引入了电力系统安全影响因子（LSIF）。这些因素为运营商提供了一个衡量发电再调度对安全性影响的标准。因此，所提出的研究提供了将电网转换为灵活资产的方法，并实现了自我管理电网的愿景。可用的输电资产以一种非保守但安全的方式使用，以适应经济上最优的发电调度，实现安全性和成本之间的理想权衡。更广泛的影响：拟议的项目提供了一个全新的电网管理视图。它预计将产生显着的计算改进，需要使无处不在的电力系统中的潮流控制的最佳使用。应用所提出的概念有望大幅减少可再生能源发电削减和发电的总成本，加快潮流控制和可再生能源发电集成的发展和采用。因此，电网将成为推动者，而不是通往可持续电力能源未来道路上的障碍。此外，分布式系统操作的发展将有助于其他类型的大规模系统。拟议的研究将由研究生和本科生进行，研究结果将纳入本科和研究生课程。作为IEEE Women in Engineering（WIE）匹兹堡分部的主席和CMU夏季女孩工程体验项目的讲师，PI将利用这项研究作为K12学生和女性选择电力系统工程作为其研究领域的动机。这不仅有助于增加工程领域少数民族的数量，而且还有助于培养学生在一个最大的挑战之一是劳动力老龄化的行业中的未来。