CAREER: Novel Designs for Kidney Exchange and Other Markets, in the Intersection of Operations Research, Economics and Computer Science

这个教师早期职业发展（Career）项目的目标是设计、研究和实施肾脏交换和其他匹配市场的算法和匹配机制。在过去的十年中，市场设计领域发展迅速，吸引了经济学家、运筹学研究人员和计算机科学家。肾脏交换结算所的出现是这一领域的成功之一。当有人希望将肾脏捐赠给特定的接受者时，肾脏交换的需求就会出现。两个或更多不相容的配对可以参与交换，从而使患者接受移植。肾脏交换清算所的发展推动了基于经验证据的新理论，导致对现有机制的影响。然而，增长仍然缓慢，留下的问题远远多于答案。将研究肾脏交换的长期效率，重点是开发和分析数据驱动的动态机制。由于许多交换未能在实践中进行(由于医院？将调查偏好和医疗问题)，以减少失败，并制定在出现此类失败时提高效率的机制。将研究肾脏交换的潜在增长，从合并国内和国际交换网络到放宽目前的限制，如同时进行交换。最后，对其他匹配市场的实际挑战所导致的未解决问题进行研究。在美国，有超过92,000名患者在等待尸体肾脏，而用于移植的肾脏严重短缺；2011年，等待移植的病人增加了33581人，进行了11026例尸体移植和5154例活体移植，4700名病人死亡，2466名病人“病得太重而无法移植”。因此，肾脏交换是一个日益增长的活体捐献来源。扩大肾脏交换将帮助许多人。

The objective of this Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award is the design, study and implementation of algorithms and matching mechanisms for kidney exchange and other matching markets. In the last decade the field of market design has been growing rapidly, attracting economists, operations researchers and computer scientists. The emergence of kidney exchange clearinghouses is one of the successes of this field. The need for kidney exchange arises when someone who wishes to donate a kidney to a particular recipient is incompatible with that recipient. Two or more incompatible pairs can participate in an exchange allowing the patients to receive transplants. The growth of kidney exchange clearinghouses has driven novel theory based on empirical evidence, leading to impact on existing mechanisms. However, the growth is still slow leaving many more questions than answers. Long term efficiency in kidney exchange will be studied with emphasis on developing and analyzing dynamic mechanisms driven by data. As many exchanges fail to take place in practice (due to hospitals? preferences and medical issues), to reduce failures as well as developing mechanisms that will increase efficiency in the presence of such failures will be investigated. The potential growth of kidney exchange will be studied, from merging exchange networks (domestically and internationally) to relaxing current constraints such as conducting exchanges simultaneously. Finally, unresolved issues in driven by actual challenges in other matching markets will be investigated.There are over 92,000 patients on the waiting list for cadaver kidneys in the U.S and there is a severe shortage of kidneys for transplant; In 2011, 33,581 patients were added to the waiting list, 11,026 transplants from cadaver and 5,154 transplants from living donors were performed, 4,700 patients died and 2,466 were "Too Sick to Transplant". Kidney exchange is therefore a growing source for living donation. Expanding kidney exchange will help many people.